Resistencia al glifosato en biotipos de zacate cabezón (Paspalum paniculatum L.) de la Región del Caribe de Costa Rica
Fecha
2016-07-31
Autores
Ramírez Muñoz, Fernando
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Durante los años 2012 y 2013 se estudió, en un invernadero en Tambor de Alajuela, la respuesta de biotipos de Paspalum paniculatum, una maleza poácea, al herbicida glifosato, con el objetivo de determinar su nivel de resistencia. Los biotipos de zacate cabezón provenían de fincas productoras de palmito de pejibaye, banano orgánico y banano convencional de la provincia de Limón, y de bordes de caminos de Guanacaste y Heredia. A las plantas se les aplicaron dosis crecientes de glifosato y se midió su peso fresco 21 días después. Se encontraron tres biotipos resistentes a glifosato (R), que necesitan de 2,0 a 8,3 veces más herbicida para sufrir una reducción del 50% en su crecimiento con respecto a biotipos susceptibles (S), en fincas de producción convencional de pejibaye y banano con más de 12 años de aplicar glifosato como único método de control de malezas. Los biotipos S provenían de una finca de banano orgánico y de bordes de caminos, donde el uso de glifosato fue nulo o mínimo.
In order to determine the level of resistance, the growth response of Paspalum paniculatum (Poaceae) weed biotypes to increasing doses of the herbicide glyphosate was studied in a greenhouse in Tambor de Alajuela during 2012 and 2013. The Paspalum biotypes originated from hearts of palm (pejibaye), conventional banana, and organic banana farms in the province of Limón, as well as from roadsides in the provinces of Heredia and Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Plants were sprayed with increasing doses of glyphosate, harvested, and their fresh weight was measured 21 days after treatment. In conventional pejibaye and banana farms with more than 12 years of glyphosate use as the sole weed control method, three glyphosate-resistant (R) biotypes were identified; these required 2.0 to 8.3 times more herbicide to achieve a 50% reduction in growth compared with susceptible (S) biotypes. Susceptible biotypes originated from an organic banana farm and from roadsides, where glyphosate use was null or minimal.
In order to determine the level of resistance, the growth response of Paspalum paniculatum (Poaceae) weed biotypes to increasing doses of the herbicide glyphosate was studied in a greenhouse in Tambor de Alajuela during 2012 and 2013. The Paspalum biotypes originated from hearts of palm (pejibaye), conventional banana, and organic banana farms in the province of Limón, as well as from roadsides in the provinces of Heredia and Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Plants were sprayed with increasing doses of glyphosate, harvested, and their fresh weight was measured 21 days after treatment. In conventional pejibaye and banana farms with more than 12 years of glyphosate use as the sole weed control method, three glyphosate-resistant (R) biotypes were identified; these required 2.0 to 8.3 times more herbicide to achieve a 50% reduction in growth compared with susceptible (S) biotypes. Susceptible biotypes originated from an organic banana farm and from roadsides, where glyphosate use was null or minimal.
Descripción
Parte de Proyecto 0348-16 Diagnóstico de importación, uso y caracterización de sustancias tóxicas, principalmente plaguicidas de uso agrícola, forestal y pecuario, e información geográfica digital, para el soporte de las actividades permanentes de investigación, extensión y docencia del IRET (2014-2017)
Palabras clave
MALEZAS, COSTA RICA, CONTROL DE MALEZAS, SOSTENIBILIDAD, UNDERGROWTH, UNDERGROWTH CONTROL, SUSTAINABILITY, SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO, FARMING SYSTEMS, PALMITO, PALM HEART
