Fútbol, política e identidades en Costa Rica (1922-1950)
Fecha
2001
Autores
Urbina Gaitán, Chester
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Editor
Instituto Panamericano de Geografía
Resumen
Dentro del proyecto político-cultural de construcción de la nacionalidad costarricense, el fútbol –al igual que las figuras de Juan Santamaría y de la Virgen de los Ángeles– ha desempeñado un papel fundamental. Esta disciplina sobresale por iniciar la apertura de un espacio para la práctica del deporte entre los sectores subalternos, por alcanzar primero el nivel de representación nacional, por concederles a los jóvenes el acceso al deporte. Asimismo, es la primera en adquirir una proyección social al utilizarse para fines benéficos, amén de complementar el sentido de identidad comunal del costarricense. En 1921, el fútbol costarricense logra culminar un proceso en el que se consolida como nuestro deporte número uno, donde el rotundo triunfo de la selección nacional de ese año, fue utilizado por la prensa escrita para transmitir un discurso patriotero en el cual se demostraba la supuesta “superioridad” de Costa Rica sobre el resto de Centroamérica. Esta victoria creó el ambiente de reconciliación que permitió la sobrevivencia de la Liga Nacional de Fútbol en 1921. La presente ponencia constituye un avance en mi interés por estudiar el fútbol nacional, para un periodo posterior al tratado en mi trabajo de grado. La misma se divide en cinco partes: en la primera se toca el tema de la federización del fútbol y el dominio provincial; en la segunda se trata el papel del fútbol como mecanismo informal de morigeración de las costumbres de los sectores populares; en la tercera se analiza el tema de fútbol, política y selecciones nacionales; en la cuarta parte se expone la relación entre fútbol y relevo político; y por último, en la quinta parte se trata la relación entre fútbol e identidad de género.
Within the political-cultural project of construction of the Costa Rican nationality, soccer -as well as the figures of Juan Santamaría and the Virgin of the Angels- has played a fundamental role. This discipline stands out for initiating the opening of a space for the practice of sports among the subaltern sectors, for first reaching the level of national representation, for granting young people access to sports. Likewise, it is the first to acquire a social projection by being used for charitable purposes, in addition to complementing the sense of communal identity of the Costa Rican. In 1921, Costa Rican soccer achieved the culmination of a process in which it was consolidated as our number one sport, where the resounding triumph of the national team that year was used by the written press to transmit a patriotic discourse in which the supposed “superiority” of Costa Rica over the rest of Central America was demonstrated. This victory created the atmosphere of reconciliation that allowed the survival of the National Soccer League in 1921. The present paper constitutes an advance in my interest in studying national soccer, for a period subsequent to that dealt with in my undergraduate work. It is divided into five parts: the first part deals with the issue of the federation of soccer and provincial domination; the second part deals with the role of soccer as an informal mechanism of morigeration of the customs of the popular sectors; the third part analyzes the issue of soccer, politics and national teams; the fourth part discusses the relationship between soccer and political relay; and finally, the fifth part deals with the relationship between soccer and gender identity.
Within the political-cultural project of construction of the Costa Rican nationality, soccer -as well as the figures of Juan Santamaría and the Virgin of the Angels- has played a fundamental role. This discipline stands out for initiating the opening of a space for the practice of sports among the subaltern sectors, for first reaching the level of national representation, for granting young people access to sports. Likewise, it is the first to acquire a social projection by being used for charitable purposes, in addition to complementing the sense of communal identity of the Costa Rican. In 1921, Costa Rican soccer achieved the culmination of a process in which it was consolidated as our number one sport, where the resounding triumph of the national team that year was used by the written press to transmit a patriotic discourse in which the supposed “superiority” of Costa Rica over the rest of Central America was demonstrated. This victory created the atmosphere of reconciliation that allowed the survival of the National Soccer League in 1921. The present paper constitutes an advance in my interest in studying national soccer, for a period subsequent to that dealt with in my undergraduate work. It is divided into five parts: the first part deals with the issue of the federation of soccer and provincial domination; the second part deals with the role of soccer as an informal mechanism of morigeration of the customs of the popular sectors; the third part analyzes the issue of soccer, politics and national teams; the fourth part discusses the relationship between soccer and political relay; and finally, the fifth part deals with the relationship between soccer and gender identity.
Descripción
Palabras clave
FÚTBOL, SOCCER, HISTORIA DEL DEPORTE, HISTORY OF THE SPORT, IDENTIDAD NACIONAL, NATIONAL IDENTITY, HISTORIA POLÍTICA, POLITICAL HISTORY