Diagnóstico de las variables según la ordenanza para leche pasteurizada grado A de la FDA, a 25 fincas de Poás de Alajuela y de Varablanca de Heredia en Costa Rica, para la exportación de crema ácida a los Estados Unidos de América
Archivos
Fecha
2009
Autores
Molina Taylor, Priscilla
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Resumen
El presente proyecto de graduación se llevó a cabo en trece explotaciones lecheras
de la zonas de Poás de Alajuela y doce en la zona de Varablanca de Heredia, Costa Rica.
El proyecto consistió en una serie de visitas programadas a diferentes fincas
caracterizadas por trabajar con bovinos especializados en la producción láctea. Dicha
práctica fue supervisada por dos de los médicos veterinarios de la Cooperativa de
Productores de Leche Dos Pinos y se desarrolló bajo la tutoría de la Dra. Ligia Quirós. Las
áreas de trabajo comprendidas del proyecto fueron la sala de ordeño, sala de espera,
servicios sanitarios y cuarto de enfriamiento.
En ambas zonas, se evaluaron las veintitrés variables que conforman la hoja de
evaluación propuesta por el Departamento de Control de Alimentos y Drogas de los
Estados Unidos, FDA. El total de las directrices comprende lo que el FDA conoce como
Ordenanza para la Leche Pasteurizada, PMO.
Para la aprobación de las lecherías (exportación de leche a Estados Unidos), la
FDA exige un 90% de cumplimiento de los criterios de dicha Ordenanza. Del total de las
lecherías de ambas zonas, dos obtuvieron un puntaje de 61 a 65 en la hoja de evaluación,
siete estuvieron en el rango de 66 a 70 puntos, nueve estuvieron entre 71 y 75 puntos,
cinco entre 76 y 80 puntos y dos entre 81 y 85 puntos.
Se observó que entre todas las variables de la evaluación, 24.39% de las lecherías
no aprobaron en cuanto la limpieza, manejo y almacenamiento de utensilios y equipo. Le
siguió la variable de cuarto de enfriamiento con 22.97% de las lecherías. Luego, las fuentes
de agua con 15.69%, los servicios sanitarios con 13.12%, las plagas con 7.99%, el personal
6.56%, la sala de ordeno con 3.85% y los medicamentos con 2.85% del total.
The present graduation project took place in thirteen dairy farms in the area of Poás at Alajuela and twelve from Varablanca at Heredia, Costa Rica. The project consisted of a series of programmed visits to different farms caracterized for their work cattle that is specialized in the dairy industry. This practice was supervised by two of the veterinarians of the Dos Pinos Cooperative of Costa Rica and it was carried out under the tutoring of Dra. Ligia Quiros. The work areas of the project were: milking room, waiting room, cooling room and bathrooms. In both areas, the twenty-three variables that conformed the evaluation sheet, were the ones proposed by the Food and Drug Department of the USA. This variables or regulations conformed what is known as Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO). The approval (exportation of milk to the USA) for these milk farms, consists on the approval of 90% of the requirements demanded by the F.D.A. From the total of the dairy farms, two obtained an average of 61 to 65 points in the evaluation sheet, seven ranged from 66 to 70 points, nine were between 71 and 75, five between 76 and 80 and two were from 81 to 85 points. It was observed among the evaluation variables, that 24.39% of the dairy farms didn’t approved the variable of cleaning, manage and storage of utensils and equipment. The cooling room variable followed with 22.97% of the farms. Then, the source of water with 15.69%, bathrooms with 13.12%, pests 7.99%, employees 6.56%, milking room with 3.85% and drugs with 2.57% of the total.
The present graduation project took place in thirteen dairy farms in the area of Poás at Alajuela and twelve from Varablanca at Heredia, Costa Rica. The project consisted of a series of programmed visits to different farms caracterized for their work cattle that is specialized in the dairy industry. This practice was supervised by two of the veterinarians of the Dos Pinos Cooperative of Costa Rica and it was carried out under the tutoring of Dra. Ligia Quiros. The work areas of the project were: milking room, waiting room, cooling room and bathrooms. In both areas, the twenty-three variables that conformed the evaluation sheet, were the ones proposed by the Food and Drug Department of the USA. This variables or regulations conformed what is known as Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO). The approval (exportation of milk to the USA) for these milk farms, consists on the approval of 90% of the requirements demanded by the F.D.A. From the total of the dairy farms, two obtained an average of 61 to 65 points in the evaluation sheet, seven ranged from 66 to 70 points, nine were between 71 and 75, five between 76 and 80 and two were from 81 to 85 points. It was observed among the evaluation variables, that 24.39% of the dairy farms didn’t approved the variable of cleaning, manage and storage of utensils and equipment. The cooling room variable followed with 22.97% of the farms. Then, the source of water with 15.69%, bathrooms with 13.12%, pests 7.99%, employees 6.56%, milking room with 3.85% and drugs with 2.57% of the total.
Descripción
Modalidad: Proyecto de Graduación
Palabras clave
LECHE, EXPORTACIONES, CALIDAD TOTAL, HIGIENE DE LOS ALIMENTOS, PRODUCTOS LÁCTEOS