Análisis de las características técnico-ambientales y administrativas del área marino-costera comprendida entre Punta Morales y Costa de Pájaros (Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica) para su uso en maricultura
Archivos
Fecha
2011
Autores
Pacheco Urpí, Óscar
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La delimitación y caracterización de zonas marinas y costeras es una de las tareas fundamentales para el desarrollo estratégico de la Maricultura. Con ese fin, se realizó la investigación en la ensenada ubicada entre Costa de Pájaros y Punta Morales, y de un transecto transversal desde esta ensenada hasta la conjunción de las islas Venado, Bejuco y Caballo (costa occidental del interior del Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica), utilizando algunas características físicas, químicas y biológicas del agua: temperatura, salinidad, pH, oxígeno disuelto, profundidad Secchi, turbidez, productividad primaria, análisis bacteriológicos, y las concentraciones de nitritos (N-NO£), nitratos (N-N03-), amonio (N-NH4+), ortofosfatos (P-P040) y silicatos (Si02). Se determinaron las velocidades de las corrientes, la estructura del sedimento y el tiempo de exposición de éstos en la zona intermareal. El estudio se realizó tanto para la época seca como para la época lluviosa y a diferentes profundidades (superficial, 5 y 10 m). Finalmente, se identificaron y analizaron los aspectos económicos y administrativos del sitio, y se elaboró una distribución basada en la condición y aptitudes de los diferentes sectores, en el área marina de estudio, para la implementación de proyectos de Maricultura. Para la elaboración de la cartografia de la zona se utilizó el programa ArcGis (9.3) utilizando la proyección CRTM05 con el Esferoide WGS84, la extensión 3D Analista, y los métodos Spline y Vecino Próximo Natural (Natural Neighbour); y para la elaboración de las imágenes contemplando el gradiente de profundidades, se utilizó el programa Surfer 8, con la función Vecino Próximo Natural (Natural Neighbour). Integrando todos los componentes de categorización, se delimitó el área de estudio de la siguiente manera: la zona intermareal es desfavorable para todo tipo de cultivo; la zona definida por profundidades menores a 3 metros en marea baja, se califica como no apta para el cultivo de peces en sistemas suspendidos, y restringida al cultivo de moluscos en parques fijos y/o crustáceos en fondo; y las zonas con profundidades superiores a los 4 metros en marea baja se consideran como favorables. El transecto transversal del Golfo de Nicoya es calificado como muy favorable en cuanto a batimetría, favorable en cuanto a parámetros físico-químicos, y regular con respecto a fas velocidades de corriente predominantes. La especificidad en cuanto a condiciones óptimas o favorables para las diferentes especies de peces, moluscos y crustáceos, y para los diferentes tipos de cultivo es un trabajo que se deberá realizar con pruebas de campo.
The delimitation and characterization of marine and coastal zones is one of the fundamental tasks for the strategic development of the Mariculture in Costa Rica. For that purpose, a research of the cove located between Costa de Pájaros and Punta Morales was made, in addition, one transversal transect starting from this cove and ending at the conjunction of the Venado, Bejuco and Caballo islands (occidental coast from the interior of the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica), using some physical, chemical and biological features of the water: temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, Secchi depth, turbidity, primary productivity, bacteriological analysis, and the concentrations of nitrites (N-N02•), nitrates (N-NOa-), ammonium (N-NH4+), orthophosphates (P-P04'3) and silicates (Si02). As well, the speeds of the currents, the sediment structure and exposure time of these at the intertidal zone were determined. The study took place during both, the dry and rainy season and at different depths (superficial, 5 and 10 meters). Finally, there were several economical and administrative aspects from the place that were identified and analyzed for the elaboration of a zoning in regards to the conditions and aptitudes for different sectors, at the marine area under study, for the implementation of the Maricultural projects. Moreover, for the elaboration of the cartographic mapping of the zone, it was utilized the ArcGis (9.3) program, using the CRTM05 projection along with the Spheroid WGS84, the 3d analyst extension and the Spline and natural neighbor; in addition, for the creation of images taking into consideration the depth gradient, it was used the Surfer 8 program with the Natural Neighbor. As a result of integrating all the categorization components, the area under study was mapped as following; the intertidal zone is unfavorable to every kind of harvest; the zone defined by depths under 3 meters at low tide, qualifies as not safe for fish harvest on suspended systems, and restricted to the mollusks harvest inside fixed parks and/or bottom crustaceans: and the zones with depths higher than 4 meters at low tide as favorable. The Gulf of Nicoya transversal transect is qualified as very favorable in relation to bathymetry, as well for physical-chemical parameters, and regular in regards to the predominant current speeds. The specificity when related to the optimal conditions for the different marine species such as fish, mollusks and crustaceans, and also the different types of crops, it is a task that must be done using field tests.
The delimitation and characterization of marine and coastal zones is one of the fundamental tasks for the strategic development of the Mariculture in Costa Rica. For that purpose, a research of the cove located between Costa de Pájaros and Punta Morales was made, in addition, one transversal transect starting from this cove and ending at the conjunction of the Venado, Bejuco and Caballo islands (occidental coast from the interior of the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica), using some physical, chemical and biological features of the water: temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, Secchi depth, turbidity, primary productivity, bacteriological analysis, and the concentrations of nitrites (N-N02•), nitrates (N-NOa-), ammonium (N-NH4+), orthophosphates (P-P04'3) and silicates (Si02). As well, the speeds of the currents, the sediment structure and exposure time of these at the intertidal zone were determined. The study took place during both, the dry and rainy season and at different depths (superficial, 5 and 10 meters). Finally, there were several economical and administrative aspects from the place that were identified and analyzed for the elaboration of a zoning in regards to the conditions and aptitudes for different sectors, at the marine area under study, for the implementation of the Maricultural projects. Moreover, for the elaboration of the cartographic mapping of the zone, it was utilized the ArcGis (9.3) program, using the CRTM05 projection along with the Spheroid WGS84, the 3d analyst extension and the Spline and natural neighbor; in addition, for the creation of images taking into consideration the depth gradient, it was used the Surfer 8 program with the Natural Neighbor. As a result of integrating all the categorization components, the area under study was mapped as following; the intertidal zone is unfavorable to every kind of harvest; the zone defined by depths under 3 meters at low tide, qualifies as not safe for fish harvest on suspended systems, and restricted to the mollusks harvest inside fixed parks and/or bottom crustaceans: and the zones with depths higher than 4 meters at low tide as favorable. The Gulf of Nicoya transversal transect is qualified as very favorable in relation to bathymetry, as well for physical-chemical parameters, and regular in regards to the predominant current speeds. The specificity when related to the optimal conditions for the different marine species such as fish, mollusks and crustaceans, and also the different types of crops, it is a task that must be done using field tests.
Descripción
Pacheco Urpí, O. (2011). Análisis de las características técnico-ambientales y administrativas del área marino-costera comprendida entre Punta Morales y Costa de Pájaros (Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica) para su uso en maricultura. [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Nacional, Puntarenas, C.R.
Palabras clave
ACUICULTURA, AQUACULTURE, PRODUCCION, PRODUCTION, CRIA DE MARISCOS, AGUA, OCEANO, GOLFO DE NICOYA (COSTA RICA)