Los Cosan como medio articulador de la política de seguridad alimentaria a partir del análisis de las políticas de la FAO a nivel regional y local
Fecha
2016
Autores
Artavia Rodríguez, Katherine
Benavides Calvo, Yuliana
Garro Elizondo, Francini
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Desde décadas atrás, se ha venido hablando en la comunidad internacional acerca de
la discusión que gira en torno al hambre y la desnutrición. Esta problemática es producto
de distintos factores, por un lado, el incremento de los precios internacionales y su
influencia sobre los países económicamente dependientes de otros, y por otro, la escasez
de alimentos (donde entran en juego las consecuencias del cambio climático como la
infertilidad, la sobreexplotación y la contaminación de los suelos; los desastres naturales
y la escasez del recurso hídrico). Lo anterior atenta gravemente contra la salud pública,
pues desemboca en la producción y consumo de alimentos que no alcanzan propiedades
nutricionales lo suficientemente satisfactorias para suplir las necesidades de alimentación
de la población mundial o por el contrario, la incapacidad de algunos países para
satisfacer la demanda de alimentos de los habitantes.
Además, cabe destacar la necesidad de una mayor articulación de la política agraria que
acompañe a los pequeños productores, pues de estos depende no solamente el sustento de
sus familias, sino también la alimentación balanceada y nutritiva de las personas y por
supuesto, para el sector que trabaja a través de políticas públicas con el fin de
empoderarlo. Este es el caso de Costa Rica, el cual es analizado en la investigación.
En el ámbito internacional han surgido iniciativas derivadas o emanadas de foros
multilaterales de discusión como la Cumbre Mundial de 1974, donde por primera vez se
discutió acerca del tema. Por su parte, a nivel local, en Costa Rica la rectoría del tema ha
sido asumida por el Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (a partir de este momento
denominado MAG), y el Ministerio de Salud (en adelante MS) como consecuencia de la
multiplicidad de actores que la temática amerita desde la administración pública de un
Estado. Por lo anterior, y ante la evidencia de que en el país existe un Plan Nacional de
Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional 2011- 2021 y una Política de Seguridad Alimentaria
y Nutricional 2011- 2015 (SAN en adelante), surge la necesidad de analizar el rol de la
Organización de Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (de ahora en
adelante FAO por sus siglas en inglés) como organismo internacional especializado desde
tres dimensiones. En primer lugar, el global, que analiza y sistematiza la información concerniente al papel de este organismo; posteriormente, el regional, debido a que es de
vital importancia para conocer cuáles compromisos han sido adoptados por la región
latinoamericana con el fin de detectar casos exitosos; y por último, el nacional, el cual
proporciona la posibilidad de crear una propuesta final fundamentada en las necesidades
identificadas en el país para mejorar la condición del hambre en el país, entendido como
un problema con diversos actores y soluciones múltiples y distintas. Dicho estudio y
análisis es el propósito fundamental de la presente investigación...
For decades now, the international community has been discussing the issue of hunger and malnutrition. This problem is the result of different factors: on the one hand, the increase in international prices and their influence on countries that are economically dependent on others, and on the other, food shortages (where the consequences of climate change come into play, such as infertility, overexploitation and soil contamination, natural disasters and water scarcity). This is a serious threat to public health, as it leads to the production and consumption of foods that do not have sufficiently satisfactory nutritional properties to meet the food needs of the world's population or, on the contrary, to the inability of some countries to meet the food demand of their inhabitants. In addition, it is worth noting the need for greater coordination of agricultural policy to support small producers, since not only the livelihood of their families depends on them, but also the balanced and nutritious diet of people and, of course, for the sector to work through public policies to empower it. This is the case of Costa Rica, which is analyzed in the research. At the international level, there have been initiatives derived or emanating from multilateral discussion forums such as the 1974 World Summit, where the subject was discussed for the first time. At the local level, in Costa Rica, the steering role has been assumed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (hereafter called MAG) and the Ministry of Health (hereafter MS) as a consequence of the multiplicity of actors that the issue requires from the public administration of a State. In view of the above, and given the evidence that the country has a National Food and Nutritional Security Plan 2011- 2021 and a Food and Nutritional Security Policy 2011- 2015 (SAN hereinafter), the need arises to analyze the role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (hereinafter FAO) as a specialized international organization from three dimensions. First, the global dimension, which analyzes and systematizes the information concerning the role of this organization; then, the regional dimension, since it is of vital importance to know which commitments have been adopted by the Latin American region in order to detect successful cases; and finally, the national dimension, which provides the possibility of creating a final proposal based on the needs identified in the country to improve the condition of hunger in the country, understood as a problem with diverse actors and multiple and different solutions. This study and analysis is the fundamental purpose of the present research....
For decades now, the international community has been discussing the issue of hunger and malnutrition. This problem is the result of different factors: on the one hand, the increase in international prices and their influence on countries that are economically dependent on others, and on the other, food shortages (where the consequences of climate change come into play, such as infertility, overexploitation and soil contamination, natural disasters and water scarcity). This is a serious threat to public health, as it leads to the production and consumption of foods that do not have sufficiently satisfactory nutritional properties to meet the food needs of the world's population or, on the contrary, to the inability of some countries to meet the food demand of their inhabitants. In addition, it is worth noting the need for greater coordination of agricultural policy to support small producers, since not only the livelihood of their families depends on them, but also the balanced and nutritious diet of people and, of course, for the sector to work through public policies to empower it. This is the case of Costa Rica, which is analyzed in the research. At the international level, there have been initiatives derived or emanating from multilateral discussion forums such as the 1974 World Summit, where the subject was discussed for the first time. At the local level, in Costa Rica, the steering role has been assumed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (hereafter called MAG) and the Ministry of Health (hereafter MS) as a consequence of the multiplicity of actors that the issue requires from the public administration of a State. In view of the above, and given the evidence that the country has a National Food and Nutritional Security Plan 2011- 2021 and a Food and Nutritional Security Policy 2011- 2015 (SAN hereinafter), the need arises to analyze the role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (hereinafter FAO) as a specialized international organization from three dimensions. First, the global dimension, which analyzes and systematizes the information concerning the role of this organization; then, the regional dimension, since it is of vital importance to know which commitments have been adopted by the Latin American region in order to detect successful cases; and finally, the national dimension, which provides the possibility of creating a final proposal based on the needs identified in the country to improve the condition of hunger in the country, understood as a problem with diverse actors and multiple and different solutions. This study and analysis is the fundamental purpose of the present research....
Descripción
Palabras clave
ALIMENTOS, CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO, COOPERACIÓN INTERNACIONAL, COSTA RICA, RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA, CLIMATE CHANGE, COSTA RICA, FOOD, FOOD SECURITY, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, WATER RESOURCES