Diversidad y Estructura Genética en Híbridos Intraespecíficos de Cruza Simple de Vainilla y Accesiones Parentales
Fecha
2024
Autores
Hernández-Leal, Enrique
Solano-Campos, Frank
Azofeifa-Bolaños, José B.
Paniagua-Vásquez, Amelia
Hernández-Bautista, Aurelio
López-Morales, Fernando
Pascual Ramirez, Fermin
Reyes-López, Delfino
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Editor
Sociedad Mexicana de Fitogenética (México)
Resumen
Resumen. El conocimiento de la diversidad genética es de gran importancia en el diseño y conducción de un programa de mejoramiento genético, ya que de esto depende su éxito; en este sentido, el objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la diversidad genética de 21 híbridos intraespecíficos de cruza simple y sus parentales en Vanilla planifolia con datos moleculares obtenidos de la amplificación por PCR de cuatro marcadores inter secuencias simples repetidas (ISSR) a partir de ADN genómico aislado de hojas. Se estimaron los parámetros de contenido de información polimórfica (CIP), índice de marcador (IM) y poder de resolución (PR). Para evaluar la diferenciación genética dentro y entre poblaciones se realizó un análisis de varianza molecular (AMOVA) y un análisis de componentes principales. Para identificar los genotipos con mayor similitud se realizó un análisis de conglomerados con las distancias genéticas de Jaccard y para conocer la estructura genética se realizó un análisis de agrupamiento bayesiano. El marcador ISSR-T06 fue el que presentó mayor CIP (0.31), mientras que el ISSR-C10 tuvo el IM (2.55) y PR (17.08) más altos. El AMOVA reveló el 97 % de varianza genética dentro de poblaciones y el 3 % entre poblaciones (P ≤ 0.01), estos resultados indican que se deben retener más individuos por población para la conservación de la especie. Las pruebas de GAP y Elbow y el análisis de agrupamiento bayesiano diferenciaron dos grupos, en tanto que el análisis de distancias genéticas de Jaccard detectó bajos niveles de asociación entre los genotipos, sugiriendo la existencia de un solo grupo. El primer grupo estuvo formado por accesiones parentales, las cuales presentaron pocas diferencias alélicas, mientras que el segundo se integró por los híbridos, que presentaron mayor porcentaje de loci polimórficos; así mismo, reveló un incremento del 3 % de la diversidad entre poblaciones. La hibridación entre individuos de diferente origen es una herramienta factible para incrementar la diversidad entre poblaciones.
Abstract. Knowledge of genetic diversity is of great importance in the design and execution of a breeding program, as its success depends on it; thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of 21 intraspecific single-cross hybrids and their parents of Vanilla planifolia with molecular data obtained by PCR amplification of four inter-simple-sequence repeats (ISSR) markers from genomic DNA isolated from leaves. The parameters of polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI) and resolving power (RP) were estimated. To evaluate genetic differentiation within and between populations, an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and principal component analysis were performed. To identify the genotypes with higher similarity, a cluster analysis was performed with Jaccard genetic distances, and a Bayesian cluster analysis was carried out to determine the genetic structure. The ISSR-T06 marker had the highest PIC (0.31), while the ISSR-C10 had the highest MI (2.55) and RP (17.08). AMOVA revealed 97 % of genetic variance within populations and 3 % between populations (P ≤ 0.01), these results indicate that more individuals per population should be retained for the species conservation. GAP and Elbow tests and Bayesian clustering analysis differentiated two groups, while the Jaccard genetic distance analysis detected low levels of association between genotypes, suggesting the existence of a single group. The first group was made up of parental accessions which presented few allelic differences, whereas the second group was integrated by hybrids that presented a higher percentage of polymorphic loci; likewise, it revealed an increase of 3 % in diversity between populations. Hybridization between individuals of different origin is a feasible tool to increase diversity between populations.
Abstract. Knowledge of genetic diversity is of great importance in the design and execution of a breeding program, as its success depends on it; thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of 21 intraspecific single-cross hybrids and their parents of Vanilla planifolia with molecular data obtained by PCR amplification of four inter-simple-sequence repeats (ISSR) markers from genomic DNA isolated from leaves. The parameters of polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI) and resolving power (RP) were estimated. To evaluate genetic differentiation within and between populations, an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and principal component analysis were performed. To identify the genotypes with higher similarity, a cluster analysis was performed with Jaccard genetic distances, and a Bayesian cluster analysis was carried out to determine the genetic structure. The ISSR-T06 marker had the highest PIC (0.31), while the ISSR-C10 had the highest MI (2.55) and RP (17.08). AMOVA revealed 97 % of genetic variance within populations and 3 % between populations (P ≤ 0.01), these results indicate that more individuals per population should be retained for the species conservation. GAP and Elbow tests and Bayesian clustering analysis differentiated two groups, while the Jaccard genetic distance analysis detected low levels of association between genotypes, suggesting the existence of a single group. The first group was made up of parental accessions which presented few allelic differences, whereas the second group was integrated by hybrids that presented a higher percentage of polymorphic loci; likewise, it revealed an increase of 3 % in diversity between populations. Hybridization between individuals of different origin is a feasible tool to increase diversity between populations.
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Palabras clave
MEJORAMIENTO GENÉTICO, HIBRIDOS, POBLACION, GENETIC IMPROVEMENT, HIBRIDS, POPULATION
