Biopsias y Citologías Endometriales en Bovinos
Fecha
2007-09-27
Autores
Zeledón Donzo, Daniel
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo final de graduación se realizó en el “Theriogenology Laboratory”
del “Ontario Veterinary College” y consistió en un externado de 11 semanas, donde se
desarrolló una experiencia teórico-práctica en el abordaje histopatológico y citológico
endometrial para el diagnóstico de problemas reproductivos.
Se evaluó, tanto con histopatología como con citología, 19 tractos reproductivos
provenientes de matadero, mientras que 5 tractos mas fueron evaluados únicamente mediante
citología. Las muestras endometriales fueron obtenidas mediante biopsia del endometrio y
mediante raspado endometrial con cepillo. Además, estos tractos se describieron
macroscópicamente.
También, se realizó un análisis citológico de 10 muestras tomadas por raspado
endometrial con cepillo y 10 muestras por lavado uterino en 4 vacas pertenecientes al hato de
enseñanza del “Ontario Veterinary College”. Además, se realizó palpación trans-rectal para
dar una descripción macroscópica del tracto reproductivo.
En las muestras citológicas y en las histológicas se reconoció e interpretó los hallazgos
presentes, se identificó la calidad de la muestra tomada y se asoció los hallazgos
microscópicos con los hallazgos encontrados tanto a nivel de ovarios como de útero.
En el estudio histopatológico se reconoció variables histológicas que ayudan a definir
la relación entre la función ovárica con respecto al día del ciclo estral y la etapa de desarrollo
en que se encuentra el tejido endometrial. Además, en tractos con endometritis se determinó la
concentración de células inflamatorias y el tipo de célula predominante, los cuales son buenos
marcadores de cronicidad y severidad del proceso.
En cuanto a la citología endometrial, métodos como el raspado del endometrio
mediante cepillo y el lavado uterino son prácticos para obtener muestras citológicas a nivel de
campo. La evaluación citológica de las muestras obtenidas por cualquiera de estos dos
métodos da idea del desarrollo endometrial y grado de inflamación. Aunque las muestras
obtenidas con cepillo son de mejor calidad.
Se encontró correlación entre los hallazgos encontrados en muestras citológicas e
histológicas. Sin embargo, el estudio histopatológico de muestras uterinas tiene una mayor sensibilidad y especificidad para la detección de enfermedad endometrial en comparación con
la citología. No obstante, ambas herramientas ayudan a mejorar la precisión diagnóstica.
Son necesarias más herramientas diagnósticas para abordar adecuadamente problemas
reproductivos. El estudio histopatológico y citológico representan buenas opciones para dar un
diagnóstico certero, establecer un tratamiento apropiado y dar un pronóstico adecuado del
desempeño reproductivo futuro del animal.
This final graduation project was carried out in the Theriogenology Laboratory of the Ontario Veterinary College. It consisted of an externship of 11 weeks long where a theoricalpractical experience on histopathological and cytological assessment of the endometrium was performed. Nineteen reproductive tracts coming from a slaughterhouse were evaluated by histopathology and cytology. Also, 5 more tracts were also evaluated but just by cytology. Endometrial samples were obtained by biopsies and by the cytobrush technique. Besides, the reproductive tracts were described macroscopically. Additionally, an endometrial cytological analysis of 4 cows which belonged to the teaching cows of the Ontario Veterinary College was performed. In addition, trans-rectal palpation was performed in order to describe macroscopically the reproductive tract. In the cytological and histological samples, the principal findings were recognized and interpreted; the quality of the samples was defined; and, microscopic findings were related with findings at ovaric level as at uterine level. Histological variables of the endometrium that help to establish a relationship between the ovaric function and the development of the endometrial tissue were recognized. As well in the reproductive tracts with endometritis, the concentration of inflammatory cells and the predominant cell type were determined; these parameters are good indicators of the cronicity and severity of the process. Regarding the endometrial cytology methods, the cytobrush technique and the uterine lavage are very useful to get cytological samples in the field. The cytological evaluation of samples taken either by cytobrush technique or by uterine lavage gives an idea of the endometrial development and inflammatory status. Though, the samples taken by cytobrush have better quality than the ones taken by uterine lavage. A correlation was found between the findings in the cytological samples and those of the histological samples. However, the histopathological examination of endometrial samples has a better sensitivity and specificity in the detection of endometrial disease than the cytological examination. Nevertheless, cytology and histopathology improve diagnostic accuracy. More diagnostic tools are needed in order to assess properly reproductive diseases. The histopathological and cytological evaluations are good options to give an accurate diagnosis, to establish a proper treatment and, to give a prognosis of the future reproductive performance.
This final graduation project was carried out in the Theriogenology Laboratory of the Ontario Veterinary College. It consisted of an externship of 11 weeks long where a theoricalpractical experience on histopathological and cytological assessment of the endometrium was performed. Nineteen reproductive tracts coming from a slaughterhouse were evaluated by histopathology and cytology. Also, 5 more tracts were also evaluated but just by cytology. Endometrial samples were obtained by biopsies and by the cytobrush technique. Besides, the reproductive tracts were described macroscopically. Additionally, an endometrial cytological analysis of 4 cows which belonged to the teaching cows of the Ontario Veterinary College was performed. In addition, trans-rectal palpation was performed in order to describe macroscopically the reproductive tract. In the cytological and histological samples, the principal findings were recognized and interpreted; the quality of the samples was defined; and, microscopic findings were related with findings at ovaric level as at uterine level. Histological variables of the endometrium that help to establish a relationship between the ovaric function and the development of the endometrial tissue were recognized. As well in the reproductive tracts with endometritis, the concentration of inflammatory cells and the predominant cell type were determined; these parameters are good indicators of the cronicity and severity of the process. Regarding the endometrial cytology methods, the cytobrush technique and the uterine lavage are very useful to get cytological samples in the field. The cytological evaluation of samples taken either by cytobrush technique or by uterine lavage gives an idea of the endometrial development and inflammatory status. Though, the samples taken by cytobrush have better quality than the ones taken by uterine lavage. A correlation was found between the findings in the cytological samples and those of the histological samples. However, the histopathological examination of endometrial samples has a better sensitivity and specificity in the detection of endometrial disease than the cytological examination. Nevertheless, cytology and histopathology improve diagnostic accuracy. More diagnostic tools are needed in order to assess properly reproductive diseases. The histopathological and cytological evaluations are good options to give an accurate diagnosis, to establish a proper treatment and, to give a prognosis of the future reproductive performance.
Descripción
Modalidad: Pasantía
Palabras clave
BOVINOS, REPRODUCCION ANIMAL, CITOLOGIA VETERINARIA, DIAGNOSTICO (MEDICINA VETERINARIA), BIOQUIMICA, PALPACION RECTAL