Biogeografía histórica del género Camaridium (Orchidaceae) en el Neotrópico
Fecha
2022
Autores
Guerra Arauz, María José
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Introducción: El neotrópico es un punto de alta diversidad de orquídeas, el género Camaridium cuenta con 80 spp. descritas para esta región. En América Central se ha estudiado principalmente en las tierras altas y bajas de Panamá y Costa Rica. Camaridium fue separado de Maxillaria gracias a los estudios de filogenética molecular que demostraron que tienen diferencias considerables. Objetivo: Identificar los posibles eventos vicariantes y la importancia relativa de un modelo de especiación mediado por vicarianza en la diversificación del género. Métodos: se realizó un análisis comparativo de datos geográficos y datos moleculares utilizando el programa de inferencia de vicarianza (VIP), para 46 especies del género. Resultados: Los datos biogeográficos de Camaridium en todo el neotrópico ubican al género en zonas altas y bajas con un alto grado de vicarianza y dispersión causado principalmente por las barreras geográficas producidas por la presencia de cadenas montañosas. Un total de 26 eventos de especiación estuvieron asociados a las disyunciones espaciales, lo que corresponde a un 54% de las especies analizadas. Las disyunciones espaciales identificadas en el análisis permiten reconocer cuatro patrones generales de disyunción presentes en la historia evolutiva del género Camaridium. Conclusiones: Los cuatro patrones identificados son: la disyunción espacial del istmo de Panamá separando las especies mesoamericanas de las suramericanas; la disyunción espacial del Mar Caribe que separa las especies mesoamericanas de las especies presentes en las islas del Caribe; la disyunción espacial del norte de los Andes que separa especies en dos regiones de la cordillera de los Andes y la
Amazonía, y finalmente las disyunciones espaciales asociadas a los sistemas de cordilleras de Costa Rica y Panamá.
Introduction: The Neotropics is a point of high diversity of orchids, the genus Camaridium has 80 spp. described for this region. In Central America it has been studied mainly in the highlands and lowlands of Panama and Costa Rica. Camaridium was separated from Maxillaria thanks to molecular phylogenetics studies that showed that they have considerable differences. Objective: To identify possible vicariant events and the relative importance of a vicariance-mediated speciation model in the diversification of the genus. Methods: a comparative analysis of geographic data and molecular data was carried out using the vicariance inference program (VIP), for 46 species of the genus. Results: The biogeographic data of Camaridium throughout the Neotropics locate the genus in high and low areas with a high degree of vicariance and dispersion caused mainly by geographic barriers produced by the presence of mountain ranges. A total of 26 speciation events were associated with spatial disjunctions, which corresponds to 54% of the species analyzed. The spatial disjunctions identified in the analysis allow us to recognize four general patterns of disjunction present in the evolutionary history of the genus Camaridium. Conclusions: The four patterns identified are: the spatial disjunction of the Isthmus of Panama separating Mesoamerican and South American species; the spatial disjunction of the Caribbean Sea that separates the Mesoamerican species from the species present in the Caribbean islands; the spatial disjunction of the northern Andes that separates species in two regions of the Andes and the Amazon, and finally the spatial disjunctions associated with the mountain range systems of Costa Rica and Panama.
Introduction: The Neotropics is a point of high diversity of orchids, the genus Camaridium has 80 spp. described for this region. In Central America it has been studied mainly in the highlands and lowlands of Panama and Costa Rica. Camaridium was separated from Maxillaria thanks to molecular phylogenetics studies that showed that they have considerable differences. Objective: To identify possible vicariant events and the relative importance of a vicariance-mediated speciation model in the diversification of the genus. Methods: a comparative analysis of geographic data and molecular data was carried out using the vicariance inference program (VIP), for 46 species of the genus. Results: The biogeographic data of Camaridium throughout the Neotropics locate the genus in high and low areas with a high degree of vicariance and dispersion caused mainly by geographic barriers produced by the presence of mountain ranges. A total of 26 speciation events were associated with spatial disjunctions, which corresponds to 54% of the species analyzed. The spatial disjunctions identified in the analysis allow us to recognize four general patterns of disjunction present in the evolutionary history of the genus Camaridium. Conclusions: The four patterns identified are: the spatial disjunction of the Isthmus of Panama separating Mesoamerican and South American species; the spatial disjunction of the Caribbean Sea that separates the Mesoamerican species from the species present in the Caribbean islands; the spatial disjunction of the northern Andes that separates species in two regions of the Andes and the Amazon, and finally the spatial disjunctions associated with the mountain range systems of Costa Rica and Panama.
Descripción
Guerra Arauz, M. J. (2022). Biogeografía histórica del género Camaridium (Orchidaceae) en el Neotrópico. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, CR.
Palabras clave
BIOGEOGRAFÍA, BIOLOGÍA, ORCHIDACEAE, AMERICA CENTRAL, HISTORIA, BIOGEOGRAPHY, BIOLOGY