Caracterización de la avifauna y la vegetación ribereña de la microcuenca del río Bermúdez, como insumo en la formulación de estrategias de manejo que propicien la conectividad de un Corredor Biológico Interurbano para la ciudad de Heredia, Costa Rica
Fecha
2020
Autores
Mc Queen Blanco, Jean Karl
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La biodiversidad encuentra dentro de las ciudades diferentes condiciones a las
encontradas en ambientes naturales, algunas especies logran adaptarse a estas condiciones
mientras que a otras no les es posible hacerlo. La creciente contaminación de los ríos
urbanos y la disminución en el tamaño y calidad de sus áreas de bosque de ribera generan
impactos negativos en el desplazamiento de la fauna a través de la ciudad; por lo que esta
investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar, mediante el uso de la avifauna y la
vegetación de ribera, la microcuenca del río Bermúdez y así aportar información preliminar
y vital para el establecimiento del primer Corredor Biológico Interurbano en la cuidad de
Heredia. Como metodología se dividió la microcuenca en una zona periurbana y una zona
urbana seleccionando en cada zona cuatro sitios, donde se realizaron muestreos de aves, de
árboles y variables como ruido y uso de suelo. Para el muestreo de aves, en cada sitio se
colocaron cinco puntos de conteo separados por 150 metros entre sí y paralelos a la franja
de vegetación ribereña mientras que, para el muestreo de los árboles, en cada sitio se
utilizaron cinco transectos de 100 metros de largo con un ancho de banda indefinido. Se
registraron un total de 171 especies de aves distribuidas en 41 familias y se identificaron
377 árboles con un DAP mayor a 10 cm con un total de 66 especies pertenecientes a 36
familias en toda la microcuenca del rio Bermúdez. Mediante índices de diversidad se logró
evidenciar una mayor diversidad y riqueza de aves y árboles en la zona periurbana que en la
urbana, sin embargo, la abundancia de aves resultó mayor en la zona urbana. Los resultados
del PCA y las regresiones lineales permitieron conocer la relación entre las diferentes
variables, mostrando como las diferentes coberturas de suelo encontradas en los sitios
influyen considerablemente en la riqueza y abundancia de la avifauna registrada. Es
importante cuidar la diversidad de aves encontrada por lo que se ve reflejada la necesidad
de aumentar la cobertura arbórea por ende la conectividad estructural para reducir así la
fragmentación y aumentar los recursos en la microcuenca. Para esto se proponen algunas
especies de árboles nativos los cuales son óptimos para el manejo en cada sitio.
Biodiversity finds different conditions within cities than those found in natural environments, some species manage to adapt to these conditions while others are unable to do so. The increasing pollution of rivers urban areas and the decrease in the size and quality of their riparian forest areas generate negative impacts on the movement of fauna through the city; so this The research aims to characterize, through the use of avifauna and the riparian vegetation, the micro-basin of the Bermúdez River and thus provide preliminary information and vital for the establishment of the first Interurban Biological Corridor in the city of Heredia. As a methodology, the micro-basin was divided into a peri-urban area and a selecting four sites in each zone, where bird samples were carried out, trees and variables such as noise and land use. For bird sampling, at each site placed five counting points 150 meters apart and parallel to the strip riparian vegetation while, for sampling the trees, at each site they used five 100 meter long transects with an undefined bandwidth. I know recorded a total of 171 species of birds distributed in 41 families and were identified 377 trees with a DBH greater than 10 cm with a total of 66 species belonging to 36 families throughout the Bermúdez river micro-basin. Through diversity indices it was achieved show a greater diversity and richness of birds and trees in the peri-urban area than in the However, the abundance of birds was higher in the urban area. The results of the PCA and the linear regressions allowed us to know the relationship between the different variables, showing how the different land covers found in the sites they considerably influence the richness and abundance of the recorded birds. It is It is important to take care of the diversity of birds found, so the need is reflected to increase tree cover, therefore, structural connectivity to reduce the fragmentation and increase resources in the watershed. For this, some native tree species which are optimal for management at each site.
Biodiversity finds different conditions within cities than those found in natural environments, some species manage to adapt to these conditions while others are unable to do so. The increasing pollution of rivers urban areas and the decrease in the size and quality of their riparian forest areas generate negative impacts on the movement of fauna through the city; so this The research aims to characterize, through the use of avifauna and the riparian vegetation, the micro-basin of the Bermúdez River and thus provide preliminary information and vital for the establishment of the first Interurban Biological Corridor in the city of Heredia. As a methodology, the micro-basin was divided into a peri-urban area and a selecting four sites in each zone, where bird samples were carried out, trees and variables such as noise and land use. For bird sampling, at each site placed five counting points 150 meters apart and parallel to the strip riparian vegetation while, for sampling the trees, at each site they used five 100 meter long transects with an undefined bandwidth. I know recorded a total of 171 species of birds distributed in 41 families and were identified 377 trees with a DBH greater than 10 cm with a total of 66 species belonging to 36 families throughout the Bermúdez river micro-basin. Through diversity indices it was achieved show a greater diversity and richness of birds and trees in the peri-urban area than in the However, the abundance of birds was higher in the urban area. The results of the PCA and the linear regressions allowed us to know the relationship between the different variables, showing how the different land covers found in the sites they considerably influence the richness and abundance of the recorded birds. It is It is important to take care of the diversity of birds found, so the need is reflected to increase tree cover, therefore, structural connectivity to reduce the fragmentation and increase resources in the watershed. For this, some native tree species which are optimal for management at each site.
Descripción
Mc Queen Blanco, J. (2020). Caracterización de la avifauna y la vegetación ribereña de la microcuenca del río Bermúdez, como insumo en la formulación de estrategias de manejo que propicien la conectividad de un Corredor Biológico Interurbano para la ciudad de Heredia, Costa Rica. (Tesis de Licenciatura). Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
RÍOS, BIODIVERSIDAD, VEGETACIÓN, MICROCUENCA RÍO BERMÚDEZ, REFORESTACIÓN, GESTIÓN, HEREDIA (COSTA RICA), RIVERS, BIODIVERSITY, RIVER VEGETATION