El Significado que le Otorga a la Maternidad Mujeres, Madres de Personas Menores de Edad Víctimas de Abuso Sexual Infantil, que Asisten a las Sesiones de Orientación para Padres y Madres de Fundación Ser y Crecer
Fecha
2018
Autores
Myers Francis, Amy
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como fin analizar el significado que le otorgan a la maternidad tres mujeres, madres de personas menores de edad que sufrieron abuso sexual infantil. Se emplea la psicología social y los aportes de la teoría feminista. La investigación es de tipo cualitativo. Su método es biográfico, las técnicas utilizadas para recolectar datos fueron entrevistas semiestructuradas, complementadas con el diario de campo, para la construcción de historias de vida. La información se sistematizó y se analizó con base en tres categorías: proceso de socialización el cual adquirió un peso importante en la construcción de la feminidad y maternidad; la segunda, los significados de maternidad relacionados con el proceso de socialización y, por último, la experiencia de abuso sexual infantil vivenciado por el hijo o hijas como punto de viraje en los significados de maternidad. Se concluye que en las participantes prevalece el ideal de mujer fusionado a la maternidad; ellas repiten patrones socialmente aprendidos para cumplir con el ideal de maternidad, imperativo en sus vidas. Esto conlleva una serie de renuncias que comportan contradicciones y disyuntivas cuando se enfrentan al abuso sexual de sus hijos o hijas, lo cual deviene en cuestionamientos respecto a sus responsabilidades y culpas, las cuales se convierten en penas que atropellan su identidad. Asimismo, el Estado se encarga de atropellarle mediante la sutil aceptación de la violencia, por lo que se logra visualizar a la mujer madre como violentada de forma simbólica debido a la sobrevaloración del ideal materno. Se infiere que el sentimiento de culpa cumple una labor jerarquizante dentro de la estructura social y el abuso sexual se constituye en una agresión directa hacia la madre, pues la señala como corresponsable al no cumplir por completo con su rol y la regresa al hogar para evitar que éste se repita. Se descubre que el abuso sexual vivenciado por el hijo o hija adquiere significados diferentes, a partir de la propia historia, por ello, las participantes incurren en conductas de cuido exageradas que sobreprotegen a su niño y a sus niñas, como un modo de reparar el daño sufrido durante el tiempo en el que asumieron funciones distintas a la maternidad.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the meaning given to motherhood by three women, mothers of minors who suffered child sexual abuse. It employs social psychology and contributions from feminist theory. This research is qualitative. Its method is biographical, and the data collection techniques used were semi-structured interviews, complemented by field diaries, to construct life stories. The information was systematized and analyzed based on three categories: the socialization process, which acquired an important role in the construction of femininity and motherhood; second, the meanings of motherhood related to the socialization process; and finally, the experience of child sexual abuse experienced by their son or daughters as a turning point in the meanings of motherhood. It is concluded that the ideal of womanhood fused with motherhood prevails among the participants; they repeat socially learned patterns to fulfill the ideal of motherhood, which is imperative in their lives. This entails a series of renunciations that entail contradictions and dilemmas when faced with the sexual abuse of their sons or daughters. This leads to questions about their responsibilities and guilt, which become punishments that violate their identity. Furthermore, the State is responsible for violating this through the subtle acceptance of violence, thus visualizing the mother as symbolically violated due to the overvaluation of the maternal ideal. It is inferred that the feeling of guilt plays a hierarchical role within the social structure, and sexual abuse constitutes a direct aggression toward the mother, as it identifies her as co-responsible for not fully fulfilling her role and returns her to the home to prevent its recurrence. It is discovered that the sexual abuse experienced by a son or daughter takes on different meanings based on their own history, which is why the participants engage in exaggerated caregiving behaviors that overprotect their children, as a way of repairing the damage suffered during the time in which they assumed roles other than motherhood.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the meaning given to motherhood by three women, mothers of minors who suffered child sexual abuse. It employs social psychology and contributions from feminist theory. This research is qualitative. Its method is biographical, and the data collection techniques used were semi-structured interviews, complemented by field diaries, to construct life stories. The information was systematized and analyzed based on three categories: the socialization process, which acquired an important role in the construction of femininity and motherhood; second, the meanings of motherhood related to the socialization process; and finally, the experience of child sexual abuse experienced by their son or daughters as a turning point in the meanings of motherhood. It is concluded that the ideal of womanhood fused with motherhood prevails among the participants; they repeat socially learned patterns to fulfill the ideal of motherhood, which is imperative in their lives. This entails a series of renunciations that entail contradictions and dilemmas when faced with the sexual abuse of their sons or daughters. This leads to questions about their responsibilities and guilt, which become punishments that violate their identity. Furthermore, the State is responsible for violating this through the subtle acceptance of violence, thus visualizing the mother as symbolically violated due to the overvaluation of the maternal ideal. It is inferred that the feeling of guilt plays a hierarchical role within the social structure, and sexual abuse constitutes a direct aggression toward the mother, as it identifies her as co-responsible for not fully fulfilling her role and returns her to the home to prevent its recurrence. It is discovered that the sexual abuse experienced by a son or daughter takes on different meanings based on their own history, which is why the participants engage in exaggerated caregiving behaviors that overprotect their children, as a way of repairing the damage suffered during the time in which they assumed roles other than motherhood.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Psicología
Palabras clave
MATERNIDAD, ABUSO DEL NIÑO, DELITOS SEXUALES, PSICOLOGÍA SOCIAL, FEMINISMO, MATERNITY, CHILD ABUSE, SEXUAL OFFENSES, SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, FEMINISM
