Caracterización de la diversidad genética y estructura poblacional de caprinos lecheros en Costa Rica mediante el genotipado por SNPs
Fecha
2023
Autores
Solano Gutiérrez, Gustavo
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Introducción: En Costa Rica la producción caprina es principalmente lechera y su acervo genético se basa en el uso de material exótico. A pesar de su previa existencia y la importación de razas especializadas en producción de leche a finales de los años 70’s, el recurso genético caprino costarricense ha sido poco caracterizado. En este trabajo se evaluó la diversidad genética y la estructura poblacional de caprinos provenientes de 2 poblaciones de Costa Rica contrastados con 10 poblaciones de Suiza, a partir de matrices de genotipado para marcadores SNP. Resultados: Las poblaciones costarricenses mostraron una alta diversidad genética (Saanen = 0.415 y cruzados = 0.410) y bajos niveles de consanguinidad (Saanen = 0.053 y cruzados = 0.042). A pesar de ello se evidenció una pérdida de diversidad (Heterocigosidad observada < Heterocigosidad esperada) que advierte sobre el manejo reproductivo de estos animales para evitar la erosión de su diversidad genética. La estructura poblacional mostró una clara cercanía genética entre la población de animales de la raza Saanen y las poblaciones suizas, mientras que la población de animales cruzados tuvo un mayor distanciamiento genético respecto al resto. Conclusión: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que las dos poblaciones de cabras de Costa Rica no han sido expuestas a una gran presión de selección artificial y disponen de una valiosa diversidad genética para ser utilizadas en procesos de selección y programas de mejoramiento. Lo último con el fin de promover la conservación de la diversidad, adaptación productiva y especialización.
Background: In Costa Rica, goat production is mainly dairy and its genetic pool is based on the use of imported material. Despite its previous existence and the import of commercial dairy breeds in the late 70s, the Costa Rican goat genetic resources have been poorly characterized. This study evaluated the genetic diversity of two Costa Rican goat populations and compared their population structure with 10 Swiss breeds using SNP microarrays. Results: The Costa Rican populations displayed a high genetic diversity (Saanen = 0.415 and crossbreed = 0.410) and low inbreeding levels (Saanen = 0.053 and crossbreed = 0.042). However, a diversity loss was observed (Observed heterozygosity < Expected heterozygosity), which has implications on the goat reproductive management to prevent genetic diversity erosion. The population structure revealed genetic relatedness between the Saanen population and the Swiss populations, whereas the crossbreed population had a higher genetic distance with the others. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that both Costa Rica’s goat populations have not been exposed to high artificial selection pressures in the past and that there is a genetic diversity available to be used in selection and in breeding programs. The latter should promote genetic diversity conservation, productive adaptation and specialization.
Background: In Costa Rica, goat production is mainly dairy and its genetic pool is based on the use of imported material. Despite its previous existence and the import of commercial dairy breeds in the late 70s, the Costa Rican goat genetic resources have been poorly characterized. This study evaluated the genetic diversity of two Costa Rican goat populations and compared their population structure with 10 Swiss breeds using SNP microarrays. Results: The Costa Rican populations displayed a high genetic diversity (Saanen = 0.415 and crossbreed = 0.410) and low inbreeding levels (Saanen = 0.053 and crossbreed = 0.042). However, a diversity loss was observed (Observed heterozygosity < Expected heterozygosity), which has implications on the goat reproductive management to prevent genetic diversity erosion. The population structure revealed genetic relatedness between the Saanen population and the Swiss populations, whereas the crossbreed population had a higher genetic distance with the others. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that both Costa Rica’s goat populations have not been exposed to high artificial selection pressures in the past and that there is a genetic diversity available to be used in selection and in breeding programs. The latter should promote genetic diversity conservation, productive adaptation and specialization.
Descripción
Solano Gutiérrez, G. (2023). Caracterización de la diversidad genética y estructura poblacional de caprinos
lecheros en Costa Rica mediante el genotipado por SNPs. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
CAPRINOS, POLIMORFISMO, ENDOGAMIA, GENÉTICA, GENETICS, GOATS, POLYMORPHISM