Caracterización de los factores biológicos de las poblaciones de elasmobranquios más comunes en Bahía Santa Elena
Fecha
2023-01
Autores
Escoto Murillo, Andrés
Campos Montero, Jorge
Pereira-Chaves, José
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Universidad de Costa Rica (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Este artículo analiza los factores biológicos de los elasmobranquios más comunes en Bahía
Santa Elena, en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste en el Pacifico norte de Costa Rica. Debido a un vacío
de información científica marino-costera que origina un fallo del sistema de manejo, no hay enfoque de
resiliencia en las poblaciones sujeto de conservación. Se utilizó el método de muestreo mensual desde
septiembre de 2015 hasta agosto de 2016. Mediante censo subacuático, uso de un trasmallo y visita en los
puestos de recibo de pescado de Cuajiniquil se determinó la diversidad, abundancia relativa, distribución de
las especies, aspectos biométricos, biología reproductiva y estructura de tallas de captura; también se aplicó
una encuesta a 120 pescadores para conocer la percepción social en factores del desarrollo sostenible. Se
trabajó con una muestra de 289 individuos que dio como resultado que los meses de mayor precipitación
se relacionan con picos de los índices de diversidad, con poca distribución espacial, donde se presenta
un remplazo estacional de especies, entre las que destaca el arribo de Rhinoptera steindachneri, Mobula
munkiana, durante los meses lluviosos y Mustelus henlei junto con Sphyrna lewini durante los vientos
alisios. El periodo de desove principal para Myliobatiformes se ubica antes de diciembre, pero Urotrygon
nana presenta un segundo periodo en julio. Se concluye que la biometría indica un mayor número de
organismos juveniles para tiburones y adultos para rayas. La pesca con trasmallo de fondo se caracterizó por
bajo rendimiento económico, lo que incide en la captura de juveniles de S. lewini, y este ingreso económico
no se beneficia de los bienes naturales intangibles presentes en BSE que son patrimonio del Estado.
This article analyzes the biological factors of the most common elasmobranchs in Bahía Santa Elena, in the Guanacaste Conservation Area in the north Pacific of Costa Rica. Due to a lack of marinecoastal scientific information there is a system failure of management, leaving without a resilience approach to the populations subject to conservation. The monthly sampling method was used from September 2015 to August 2016, diversity, relative abundance, species distribution, biometric aspects, reproductive biology and catch size structure were determined by means of an underwater census, the use of a trammel net and a visit to the Cuajiniquil fish reception posts. A survey was applied to 120 fishermen to know the social perception regarding the factors of sustainable development. I worked with a sample of 289 individuals, among the main results, it was obtained that the months with the highest rainfall are related to peaks of the diversity indices, with little spatial distribution. A seasonal replacement of species is presented, highlighting the arrival of Rhinoptera steindachneri, Mobula munkiana, during the rainy months and Mustelus henlei and Sphyrna lewini during the Trade Winds. The main spawning period for Myliobatiformes is located before December, however Urotrygon nana presents a second period in July. It is concluded that biometry indicates a greater number of juvenile organisms for sharks and adults for rays, bottom gillnet fishing was characterized by low economic performance, which affects the capture of juveniles of S. lewini, this economic income does not benefit from the intangible natural assets present in BSE that are State assets.
This article analyzes the biological factors of the most common elasmobranchs in Bahía Santa Elena, in the Guanacaste Conservation Area in the north Pacific of Costa Rica. Due to a lack of marinecoastal scientific information there is a system failure of management, leaving without a resilience approach to the populations subject to conservation. The monthly sampling method was used from September 2015 to August 2016, diversity, relative abundance, species distribution, biometric aspects, reproductive biology and catch size structure were determined by means of an underwater census, the use of a trammel net and a visit to the Cuajiniquil fish reception posts. A survey was applied to 120 fishermen to know the social perception regarding the factors of sustainable development. I worked with a sample of 289 individuals, among the main results, it was obtained that the months with the highest rainfall are related to peaks of the diversity indices, with little spatial distribution. A seasonal replacement of species is presented, highlighting the arrival of Rhinoptera steindachneri, Mobula munkiana, during the rainy months and Mustelus henlei and Sphyrna lewini during the Trade Winds. The main spawning period for Myliobatiformes is located before December, however Urotrygon nana presents a second period in July. It is concluded that biometry indicates a greater number of juvenile organisms for sharks and adults for rays, bottom gillnet fishing was characterized by low economic performance, which affects the capture of juveniles of S. lewini, this economic income does not benefit from the intangible natural assets present in BSE that are State assets.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HANDLING, ACG, GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA), TIBURON, RAYAS (PECES), PESCA, DEMOGRAFÍA, TEMPERATURA