A reading skills method to improve the students’ academic achievement
Fecha
2013
Autores
Altamirano, Jorge
Navarro Godínez, Manuel
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Editor
I Congreso Internacional de Lingüística Aplicada CONLA UNA
Resumen
Este es un estudio experimental llevado a cabo con dos grupos de undécimo año de secundaria el cual consiste en analizar el rendimiento académico empleando una metodología a base de técnicas y habilidades de lectura. Las estrategias empleadas son rastreo de información específica, lectura rápida para identificar la idea principal de un párrafo o texto, uso del contexto para comprender el significado de nuevas palabras, empleo de predicciones o conjeturas para detectar el posible contenido de un texto e identificar el referente de algunas palabras dentro de un texto para entender más exhaustivamente el contenido del mismo. Las cinco técnicas de lectura anteriormente mencionadas han demostrado que los discentes tienen la capacidad de progresar e incrementar tanto su comprensión de lectura como su rendimiento académico. La memorización de vocabulario, hasta cierto punto, permite el asimilar conocimiento. No obstante, no es la forma más eficiente para aumentar la comprensión de lectura. Además, no tiene sentido aprender nuevos términos en forma aislada porque un vocablo podría tener variedad semántica, y la misma puede ser utilizada en un contexto particular. Según Richards (1987), sin contexto, el vocabulario que los discentes han aprendido previamente podría ser olvidado fácilmente por la razón de que la memoria es temporal. La forma tradicional de enseñar técnicas de lectura podría afectar no sólo la comprensión sino que el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios de primer ingreso ya que los mismos podrían no hacer un análisis de texto apropiado. Esto quiere decir que los estudiantes probablemente no saben distinguir una idea principal de un tópico porque éstos tienden a memorizar cada palabra nueva, y si desconocen el significado de nuevos términos dentro de un texto, entonces podrían tener serias dificultades comprendiendo el mismo como un todo.
This experimental study consists of an analysis carried out with two groups of senior high school students with whom a series of reading skills was developed. The techniques involved were scanning to locate details, skimming to get main ideas, guessing meaning from context to infer what a word means without using a dictionary, predicting a topic to know what a text might be about, and identifying word reference to understand in more detail the relation of such words to important elements or subjects used by an author. These five skills demonstrated the learners are capable of making progress and increasing their reading comprehension and academic achievement. Vocabulary memorization, to a certain extent, permits knowledge assimilation; nevertheless, it is not the most efficient way to enhance reading comprehension. Furthermore, it makes no sense to learn vocabulary in isolation provided that a term may have a variety of meanings, and it can be used in a particular context. According to Richards (1987), if there is no context, the vocabulary that students have previously learned can be easily forgotten since memory is usually temporary. The way reading skills are traditionally taught might affect both comprehension and academic achievement of new college enrollees due to the fact that they might fail to analyze texts. This means that students probably do not distinguish a main idea from a topic, for they tend to memorize every word, and if they do not know the meaning of new words in a text, they could have difficulty understanding the text as a whole.
This experimental study consists of an analysis carried out with two groups of senior high school students with whom a series of reading skills was developed. The techniques involved were scanning to locate details, skimming to get main ideas, guessing meaning from context to infer what a word means without using a dictionary, predicting a topic to know what a text might be about, and identifying word reference to understand in more detail the relation of such words to important elements or subjects used by an author. These five skills demonstrated the learners are capable of making progress and increasing their reading comprehension and academic achievement. Vocabulary memorization, to a certain extent, permits knowledge assimilation; nevertheless, it is not the most efficient way to enhance reading comprehension. Furthermore, it makes no sense to learn vocabulary in isolation provided that a term may have a variety of meanings, and it can be used in a particular context. According to Richards (1987), if there is no context, the vocabulary that students have previously learned can be easily forgotten since memory is usually temporary. The way reading skills are traditionally taught might affect both comprehension and academic achievement of new college enrollees due to the fact that they might fail to analyze texts. This means that students probably do not distinguish a main idea from a topic, for they tend to memorize every word, and if they do not know the meaning of new words in a text, they could have difficulty understanding the text as a whole.
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COMPRENSIÓN DE LECTURA, ENSEÑANZA DE IDIOMAS, RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO, INGLÉS, METODOS DE ENSEÑANZA, READING COMPREHENSION, LANGUAGE TRAINING, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, ENGLISH, TEACHING METHODS