Monitoreo geodésico de una Brecha Sísmica Madura: Nicoya, Costa Rica
Fecha
2002-10
Autores
Protti, Marino
González, Victor
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Una brecha sísmica existe bajo y frente a la Península de Nicoya en el noroeste de Costa Rica. Esta brecha es un
segmento de la zona de subducción de Centroamérica donde la placa del Coco se introduce por debajo de la placa del
Caribe. Grandes sismos han ocurrido en este segmento en 1853, 1900 y 1950. Sin deslizamiento significativo desde
1950, con una velocidad de convergencia cercana a los 90 mm/año y con un área de ruptura entre los 5000 y 10000
km2, la brecha sísmica de Nicoya tiene potencial para generar un terremoto de magnitud superior a los 7.5 grados. Dado
su alto potencial sísmico, la disponibilidad de información y especialmente el hecho de que la Península de Nicoya se
encuentra directamente sobre el área de ruptura, esta brecha sísmica ha sido seleccionada como uno de los dos sitios
para el Experimento Mundial de las Zonas Sismogénicas (SEIZE).
En un esfuerzo internacional por monitorear y documentar la deformación cortical, el OVSICORI-UNA ha venido
trabajando con instituciones de los Estados Unidos y del Japón en la operación de estaciones sísmicas y en la ocupación
de una red de GPS en y alrededor de la Península de Nicoya. Esta península está siendo desplazada hacia el continente y
subsidiendo a velocidades de hasta 25 mm/año, consistente con la acumulación de deformación esperada a lo largo de
una zona de subducción bloqueda. Durante el año 2002 estamos instalando 3 estaciones de registro continuo de GPS y
re-ocuparemos la red total de GPS durante el 2003. Dado el estado de madurez de la brecha sísmica de Nicoya, estas mediciones podrían darnos la oportunidad de documentar la deformación co-sísmica y post-sísmica cuando este gran
sismo ocurra.
A mature seismic gap exists under and off the Nicoya peninsula in northwestern Costa Rica. This gap is a segment of the Middle American Trench where the Cocos plate subducts under the Caribbean plate. Large earthquakes have occurred in this segment in 1853, 1900 and 1950. Without significant slip since 1950, with a convergence rate close to 90 mm/yr and an area ranging from 5000 to 10000 km2, the Nicoya gap has potential to generate an earthquake with magnitude above 7.5. Given its high seismic potential, the available data and especially the fact that the Nicoya peninsula extends over large part of the rupture area, this gap was selected as one of the two sites for a SEIZE experiment. In a joint international effort to monitor and document crustal deformation, OVSICORI-UNA has been working with institutions from United States and Japan in the operation of seismic stations and in the occupation of a GPS network in and around the Nicoya peninsula. This peninsula is moving landward and downward at rates close to 25 mm/yr, consistent with the elastic strain accumulation expected along locked subduction zones. During 2002 we are installing three continuos recording GPS receivers and will occupy the entire GPS network early in 2003. Given the maturity of the Nicoya seismic gap, these measurements could give us the opportunity to document coseismic and postseismic deformation when this large subduction earthquake occurs.
A mature seismic gap exists under and off the Nicoya peninsula in northwestern Costa Rica. This gap is a segment of the Middle American Trench where the Cocos plate subducts under the Caribbean plate. Large earthquakes have occurred in this segment in 1853, 1900 and 1950. Without significant slip since 1950, with a convergence rate close to 90 mm/yr and an area ranging from 5000 to 10000 km2, the Nicoya gap has potential to generate an earthquake with magnitude above 7.5. Given its high seismic potential, the available data and especially the fact that the Nicoya peninsula extends over large part of the rupture area, this gap was selected as one of the two sites for a SEIZE experiment. In a joint international effort to monitor and document crustal deformation, OVSICORI-UNA has been working with institutions from United States and Japan in the operation of seismic stations and in the occupation of a GPS network in and around the Nicoya peninsula. This peninsula is moving landward and downward at rates close to 25 mm/yr, consistent with the elastic strain accumulation expected along locked subduction zones. During 2002 we are installing three continuos recording GPS receivers and will occupy the entire GPS network early in 2003. Given the maturity of the Nicoya seismic gap, these measurements could give us the opportunity to document coseismic and postseismic deformation when this large subduction earthquake occurs.
Descripción
Palabras clave
GEODESIA, NICOYA (GUANACASTE), SISMOLOGÍA, GEODESY, SEISMOLOGY