Propuesta de política ambiental de desechos sólidos basada en la "lógica de ciclo de vida" : estudio de caso sobre envases de leche fluida en Costa Rica
Fecha
2010-06
Autores
Ruano Padilla, Jesús Evelio
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo forma parte de la nueva corriente en el abordaje de los problemas
ambientales denominada lógica de ciclo de vida ó pensamiento de ciclo de vida. Toda actividad humana puede relacionarse a necesidades específicas, que se satisfacen a través
de productos materiales o no materiales, para este caso se estudian los envases de leche
fluida en Costa Rica. Existen varias maneras alternativas para satisfacer la necesidad, mediante el empleo de diferentes tipos de envase. En esa línea, este trabajo estudia en particular la relación de los envases con el problema de los desechos sólidos. Un principio fundamental de la „lógica de ciclo de vida‟ es que no conviene analizar un problema ambiental independientemente del resto de categorías de impacto. Por eso la pregunta principal del estudio se formula de la siguiente manera: ¿puede reducirse el impacto ambiental total del producto sustituyendo las alternativas por algún tipo de envase en particular? La búsqueda de la respuesta se realiza a través de la metodología de evaluación de ciclo de vida (ECV), encontrando que la bolsa de polietileno es la alternativa ambientalmente preferible.
This work is part of the new stream in the approach of environmental problems named lifecycle-thinking. Every human activity can be related to specific needs, satisfied by material or immaterial goods, in this case dairy milk packaging in Costa Rica is studied. In this line, this work studies the particular relationship between packaging and the solid waste problem. A basic principle of the life-cycle-thinking is that is inconvenient to analyze an environmental problem separately from the rest of impact categories. That is the reason why the main question of the study is formulated like: Is it possible to reduce the total Environmental impact of the product by substituting the alternatives by a specific kind of package? The answer is investigated by means of the life-cycle-assessment (LCA) methodology, and it was found that the low-density polyethylene bag is the environmentally preferable alternative.
This work is part of the new stream in the approach of environmental problems named lifecycle-thinking. Every human activity can be related to specific needs, satisfied by material or immaterial goods, in this case dairy milk packaging in Costa Rica is studied. In this line, this work studies the particular relationship between packaging and the solid waste problem. A basic principle of the life-cycle-thinking is that is inconvenient to analyze an environmental problem separately from the rest of impact categories. That is the reason why the main question of the study is formulated like: Is it possible to reduce the total Environmental impact of the product by substituting the alternatives by a specific kind of package? The answer is investigated by means of the life-cycle-assessment (LCA) methodology, and it was found that the low-density polyethylene bag is the environmentally preferable alternative.
Descripción
Maestría en Política Económica (MPE)
Palabras clave
ENVASES, ECOLOGÍA, RESIDUOS SOLIDOS, POLÍTICA AMBIENTAL, COSTA RICA, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, SOLID WASTE, ECOLOGY