Evaluación del crecimiento y mortalidad de almácigo de café producido en tubetes en tres diferentes sustratos en Sabanilla de Alajuela
Fecha
2016
Autores
Chaves Vargas, Hugo Alejandro
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En Costa Rica la producción de almácigo de café tradicionalmente se realiza en bolsas de polietileno o bien bajo el sistema de siembra directa al suelo y su posterior poda de raíz. El alto costo y la caida de los precios del café, promueven alternativas de desarrollo de almácigos de manera eficiente donde se reducen los costos de producción sin disminuir la nutrición de las plantas. Una práctica para obtener almácigo a menor valor, es la técnica de almácigo en tubete. Para contribuir en esta área el presente trabajo analizó tres de los sustratos o mezclas más utilizadas en la elaboración de estos almácigos de café en tubete. Los tres sustratos analizados fueron: Tratamiento T1: turba comercial Peat Moss, tratamiento T2: sustrato a base de suelo y compost de broza de café y el tratamiento T3: sustrato elaborado de la mezcla de suelo, súper tierra Ever Green y fibra de coco. Se analizaron las variables altura, pares de hojas, diámetro de tallo y mortalidad. Así mismo, se analizaron los costos de producción de cada tratamiento así como su rentabilidad. Los resultados mostraron que el tratamiento más eficiente al finalizar los seis meses de análisis fue el T1 con una altura final de 23,98 centímetros, un diámetro de 3,70 milímetros, una producción final de 9,24 pares de hojas, una morttalidad del 0% y un costo por planta de ¢129,11 colones. El tratamiento T2: presentó una altura final de 22,24 centímetros, un diámetro de 3,34 milímetros, una producción final de 7,60 pares de hojas, una morttalidad del 0% y un costo por planta de ¢59.17 colones. El sustrato con menor desarrollo fue el tratamiento T3: con una altura final de 19,16 centímetros, un diámetro de 3,04 milímetros, una producción final de 6,96 pares de hojas, una morttalidad del 0% y un costo por planta de ¢74,55 colones. El sustrato que presentó el mayor índice de crecimiento fue el que presentó a su vez el que mostró el costo de producción por planta más elevado. Cabe destacar que todos los tratamientos analizados estuvieron por debajo del precio del almácigo de café en el mercado, tomando relevancia esta técnica como una alternativa mas para producir almácigo.
In Costa Rica the coffee seedling production is traditionally performed in polyethylene bags or under the system of direct soil sow and subsequent root pruning. Its high cost and the fall of coffee prices have promoted alternative development seedlings efficiently and reducing production costs without decreasing nutrition and care of plants. A nursery practice for a lower value, you seedbed technique in tubete. To contribute to this field of study; this paper analyzed three more substrates or mixtures used in the preparation of these seedlings in tubete. The three substrates tested were: Treatment T1: commercial peat Peat Moss, treatment T2: based substrate soil and compost coffee dregs and treatment T3: substrate prepared soil mix, super earth Ever Green and coconut fiber. They analyzed the most important in plant development variables: height, pairs of leaves, stem diameter and mortality. As part of the work, they were also analyzed production costs of each treatment and see his return as an option to develop. The final results show that the most efficient treatment was T1 with a final height of 23,98 centimeters, a diameter of 3,70 mm, a final production of 9,24 pairs of leaves, one morttalidad of 0% and a cost of ¢ 129,11 colones plant. The treatment T2: presented a final height of 22,24 centimeters, a diameter of 3.34 mm, a final production of 7,60 pairs of leaves, one morttalidad of 0% and a cost of ¢ 59,17 colones plant. The substrate was less developed treatment T3: with a final height of 19,16 centimeters, a diameter of 3,04 mm, a final production of 6,96 pairs of leaves, a morttalidad of 0% and a cost of ¢ 74,55 colones plant. The substrate had the highest growth rates; which it was presented at the same time the cost of production per plant higher. Note that all treatments tested were below the price of coffee seedling market; taken relevance other variables analyzed and differences obtained in the development of plants.
In Costa Rica the coffee seedling production is traditionally performed in polyethylene bags or under the system of direct soil sow and subsequent root pruning. Its high cost and the fall of coffee prices have promoted alternative development seedlings efficiently and reducing production costs without decreasing nutrition and care of plants. A nursery practice for a lower value, you seedbed technique in tubete. To contribute to this field of study; this paper analyzed three more substrates or mixtures used in the preparation of these seedlings in tubete. The three substrates tested were: Treatment T1: commercial peat Peat Moss, treatment T2: based substrate soil and compost coffee dregs and treatment T3: substrate prepared soil mix, super earth Ever Green and coconut fiber. They analyzed the most important in plant development variables: height, pairs of leaves, stem diameter and mortality. As part of the work, they were also analyzed production costs of each treatment and see his return as an option to develop. The final results show that the most efficient treatment was T1 with a final height of 23,98 centimeters, a diameter of 3,70 mm, a final production of 9,24 pairs of leaves, one morttalidad of 0% and a cost of ¢ 129,11 colones plant. The treatment T2: presented a final height of 22,24 centimeters, a diameter of 3.34 mm, a final production of 7,60 pairs of leaves, one morttalidad of 0% and a cost of ¢ 59,17 colones plant. The substrate was less developed treatment T3: with a final height of 19,16 centimeters, a diameter of 3,04 mm, a final production of 6,96 pairs of leaves, a morttalidad of 0% and a cost of ¢ 74,55 colones plant. The substrate had the highest growth rates; which it was presented at the same time the cost of production per plant higher. Note that all treatments tested were below the price of coffee seedling market; taken relevance other variables analyzed and differences obtained in the development of plants.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería Agronómica
Palabras clave
SUSTRATOS, SUBSTRATES, CAFE, COFFEE, CULTIVO, CULTIVATION