Análisis pesquero y socioeconómico del camarón carabalí Trachypenaeus byrdi (Burkenroad,1934) en la parte interna del Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica
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Fecha
2011
Autores
Hernández Noguera, Luis Adrián
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El alto nivel de sobreexplotación del camarón blanco en el Golfo de Nicoya ha ocasionado que gran parte de los pescadores artesanales dedicados a esta actividad conviertan sus artes y métodos de pesca para capturar otras especies. Alrededor de 60 embarcaciones se dedican a la pesca con red de arrastre ilegal, sobre el camarón conchudo o carabalí (Trachypenaeus byrðl) en la zona interna del Golfo, como salida a (a gran problemática social y económica que encierra a estas comunidades costeras. Se realizaron muestreos de esta especie durante 15 meses para conocer algunos de sus aspectos biológicos y su dinámica poblacional. Además, se determinó el impacto socioeconómico de esta pesquería y el papel ecológico de la especie en el medio marino. Se comprobó que T. bytði se distribuye en los fondos lodosos de (a parte interna del Golfo de Nicoya, cercana a la zona costera y en profundidades no mayores de 15 metros. El carabalí, según los resuttados del análisis estomacal de algunas especies depredadoras, asociadas con las zonas de muestreo, es una de tos principates ítems alimenticios de otras especies de valor comercial como fa corvina aguada (Cynoscium squamipinnis), la corvina cinchada (Paralonchurus dumeuñlil) y otras especies de interés ecológico como los roncadores (Familia Haemulidae). Los parámetros poblacionales de esta especie en la zona interna del Golfo de Nicoya muestran que la talla de reproducción para las hembras es de 87 mm de LT. Se determinaron dos periodos máximos de reproducción en julio-setiembre y en marzoabril. Los parámetros de crecimiento estimados para Jas hembras fueron: Loa= 112.6 mm, K= 1.29 año-1, -0.084 y Woo= 18.68 g; mientras que para los machos fueron: Loo= 88.2 mm, k= 1.26 año-1 y -0.094. Este camarón se ha convertido en los últimos años en una especie de alto valor comercial, alcanzando un precio promedio de 2.500 cotones (unos $5 dólares americanos) por kilogramo, lo que lo convierte en un recurso muy atractivo para los pescadores de la zona interna del Golfo de Nicoya.
The high over-exploitation level of the white shrimp in the Gulf of Nicoya has caused that a big part of the artisanal fishermen dedicated to this activity, turn their fishing methods into others to catch other species. About 60 crafts devote themselves to the fishing with illegal trawlers to catch the "sluggish shrimp" or carabali shrimp (Trachypenaeus byrðl) in the internal area of the Gulf, in order to overcome the social and economic problems that these communities face. Samplings were done for 15 months to gain knowledge about biological aspects and population dynamics of this species. Also, it was determined the socioeconomic impact of this fishery, and their ecological role in the marine environment. It was proved that T. byrdi is found mainly on muddy bottoms located in the internal part of the Gulf of Nicoya, near to the coastal zone and in waters lower than 15 m depth. The carabali shrimp, according to stomach analysis of some predatory species present in the study area, is one of the principal food items of important commercial fish species such as the Weakfish (Cynoscium squamipinnis), the Suco Croaker (Paralonchurus demurifil) and other species of ecological interest such as the croakers (Haemulidae). The population parameters for this species in the internat area of the Gulf of Nicoya shown that the reproduction size for females is 87 mm TL (Total Lenght). Two main reproduction periods were identified: one between July and September, and the other during March and April. The growth parameters estimated for females were: Lao= 112.6 mm, K= 1.29 yr-I, -0.084, and Woo = 18.68 g; whereas for majes were Loo= 88.2 mm, K= 1.26 yr-f and -0.094. Jn the Jast few yearss thjs shrimp has turned into a species of high commercial value, reaching the average price of 2.500 colones per kilogram (some $5 USD/kg). what turns it into a very attractive resource for the fishermen of the internal area of the Gutf of Nicoya.
The high over-exploitation level of the white shrimp in the Gulf of Nicoya has caused that a big part of the artisanal fishermen dedicated to this activity, turn their fishing methods into others to catch other species. About 60 crafts devote themselves to the fishing with illegal trawlers to catch the "sluggish shrimp" or carabali shrimp (Trachypenaeus byrðl) in the internal area of the Gulf, in order to overcome the social and economic problems that these communities face. Samplings were done for 15 months to gain knowledge about biological aspects and population dynamics of this species. Also, it was determined the socioeconomic impact of this fishery, and their ecological role in the marine environment. It was proved that T. byrdi is found mainly on muddy bottoms located in the internal part of the Gulf of Nicoya, near to the coastal zone and in waters lower than 15 m depth. The carabali shrimp, according to stomach analysis of some predatory species present in the study area, is one of the principal food items of important commercial fish species such as the Weakfish (Cynoscium squamipinnis), the Suco Croaker (Paralonchurus demurifil) and other species of ecological interest such as the croakers (Haemulidae). The population parameters for this species in the internat area of the Gulf of Nicoya shown that the reproduction size for females is 87 mm TL (Total Lenght). Two main reproduction periods were identified: one between July and September, and the other during March and April. The growth parameters estimated for females were: Lao= 112.6 mm, K= 1.29 yr-I, -0.084, and Woo = 18.68 g; whereas for majes were Loo= 88.2 mm, K= 1.26 yr-f and -0.094. Jn the Jast few yearss thjs shrimp has turned into a species of high commercial value, reaching the average price of 2.500 colones per kilogram (some $5 USD/kg). what turns it into a very attractive resource for the fishermen of the internal area of the Gutf of Nicoya.
Descripción
Hernández Noguera, L. A. (2011). Análisis pesquero y socioeconómico del camarón carabalí Trachypenaeus byrdi (Burkenroad,1934) en la parte interna del Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica. [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Nacional, Puntarenas, C. R.
Palabras clave
CAMARON DE MAR, SEA SHRIMP, GOLFO DE NICOYA (COSTA RICA), PESCADORES, FISHERMEN, PESCA ARTESANAL, POBLACION, COMERCIALIZACION, ASPECTOS ECONOMICOS