El plan nacional de desarrollo 2015-2018 como instrumento de planificación nacional: Estrategia, cobertura y financiamiento.
Fecha
2015-08
Autores
Vega Monge, Damaris
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El instrumento por excelencia de la planificación nacional en el país está llamado a
ser el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo, lo cual tiene respaldo en la Ley de Planificación
Nacional, N° 5525, y es formulado en el país cada cuatro años por MIDEPLAN, las
rectorías sectoriales y la Presidencia de la República, con vigencia según los períodos
de Gobierno. Este instrumento, según la legislación, debe fungir como marco
orientador de la gestión y de la asignación de recursos públicos, con el objetivo de
propiciar el desarrollo económico y social del país, de allí su gran relevancia y la
necesidad de que cumpla cabalmente su papel.
Por lo anterior, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal analizar el PND
2015-2018, como instrumento de planificación y de desarrollo nacional, que debe
orientar la gestión y la asignación de los recursos públicos. Se busca determinar los
cambios y eventuales avances metodológicos del PND 2015-2018, la estrategia de
desarrollo incorporada y su cobertura institucional; analizar para dos sectores
relevantes, “Desarrollo Humano e Inclusión Social” y “Transporte e Infraestructura”, los
cambios incorporados en el PND 2015-2018, en cuanto a visión prospectiva, aporte a
la estrategia de desarrollo global y los indicadores planteados; así como valorar los
recursos canalizados y fuentes de financiamiento en general del PND 2015-2018.
El estudio se aborda desde un enfoque mixto de investigación, con elementos
cualitativos y cuantitativos; y dada la naturaleza del objeto de estudio y los objetivos
específicos planteados, tiene una combinación de la metodología exploratoria y
descriptiva, pues se pretende precisar cambios y avances del mencionado
instrumento de planificación nacional. Se basó sustancialmente en análisis
documental, análisis de normativas, cuestionarios, entrevistas, consultas bibliográficas
y análisis de cifras.
Como conclusiones principales del estudio se tiene que el proceso de formulación
de dicho PND, impulsó cambios metodológicos, que impactaron positivamente su
diseño; no obstante, todavía se vislumbran oportunidades de mejoras tanto en su
v
diseño como en el fortalecimiento de su proceso de ejecución y cumplimiento,
especialmente en cuanto a: el fortalecimiento de la medición de efectos e impactos de
las intervenciones públicas y la desagregación a nivel de estrategias, programas y
metas sectoriales, de la visión prospectiva planteada a nivel nacional para el largo
plazo -2030-; la realización de esfuerzos para incorporar a actores claves del desarrollo
nacional, que actualmente no están contemplados; fortalecer el Pilar 3 del PND, para
que defina acciones y responsables para hacer más eficaz y eficiente la acción del
Estado; definición de planes de acción para cada meta; fortalecer las coordinaciones
interinstitucionales e intersectoriales; fortalecer los indicadores de los sectores
desarrollo humano y transportes, con el fin de medir mejor los resultados; y establecer
un plan de financiamiento para el PND, entre otros.
The instrument par excellence of national planning in the country is called to be the National Development Plan, which has support in the National Planning Law, No. 5525, and is formulated in the country every four years by MIDEPLAN, rectories sector and the Presidency of the Republic, effective as periods of government. This instrument, according to the law, should serve as a guiding framework for the management and allocation of public resources, with the aim of promoting economic and social development of the country, hence the great importance and the need to fully implement its role. Therefore, this study has as main objective to analyze the NDP 2015-2018, as a planning and national development tool, which should guide the management and allocation of public resources. This study aims to determine possible changes and methodological developments of the NDP 2015-2018, the incorporated development strategy and its institutional coverage; analyze for two important sectors, "Human Development and Social Inclusion" and "Transportation and Infrastructure", the changes incorporated in the NDP 2015-2018, regarding prospective vision, contribution to the overall development strategy and proposed indicators; and to evaluate the resources channeled and the financing sources defined in the NDP 2015-2018. The study is approached from a quantitative approach, and given the nature of the subject matter and specific objectives, has a combination of exploratory and descriptive methodology, intended to clarify the aforementioned changes and advances of this national planning tool. It was substantially based on documentary analysis, policy analysis, questionnaires, interviews, data analysis and literature. It was carried out under the project "Audit of special character on the formulation of the National Development Plan 2015-2018", presented by the Division of Operational Control and Evaluation of the General Comptroller of the Republic for the period of May 4th to December 18th 2015. The main conclusions of the study are that the formulation process of the NDP, boosted methodological changes, which positively impacted its design; however, vii opportunities for improvement in both its design and strengthening the process of implementation and enforcement are still looming, especially regarding: strengthening outcomes measurement, public interventions impact and disaggregation at a level of strategies, programs and sectorial goals of the prospective vision nationally outlined for the long term -2030-; making efforts to engage national development stakeholders, who are currently not covered; enhance the third "pillar" of the NPD, in order to define actions and its responsible for a more effective and efficient government action; definition of action plans for each goal; strengthen inter-agency and inter-sectorial coordination; strengthen indicators of human development and transportation sectors, in order to better measure results; and establish a plan for financing the NDP, among others.
The instrument par excellence of national planning in the country is called to be the National Development Plan, which has support in the National Planning Law, No. 5525, and is formulated in the country every four years by MIDEPLAN, rectories sector and the Presidency of the Republic, effective as periods of government. This instrument, according to the law, should serve as a guiding framework for the management and allocation of public resources, with the aim of promoting economic and social development of the country, hence the great importance and the need to fully implement its role. Therefore, this study has as main objective to analyze the NDP 2015-2018, as a planning and national development tool, which should guide the management and allocation of public resources. This study aims to determine possible changes and methodological developments of the NDP 2015-2018, the incorporated development strategy and its institutional coverage; analyze for two important sectors, "Human Development and Social Inclusion" and "Transportation and Infrastructure", the changes incorporated in the NDP 2015-2018, regarding prospective vision, contribution to the overall development strategy and proposed indicators; and to evaluate the resources channeled and the financing sources defined in the NDP 2015-2018. The study is approached from a quantitative approach, and given the nature of the subject matter and specific objectives, has a combination of exploratory and descriptive methodology, intended to clarify the aforementioned changes and advances of this national planning tool. It was substantially based on documentary analysis, policy analysis, questionnaires, interviews, data analysis and literature. It was carried out under the project "Audit of special character on the formulation of the National Development Plan 2015-2018", presented by the Division of Operational Control and Evaluation of the General Comptroller of the Republic for the period of May 4th to December 18th 2015. The main conclusions of the study are that the formulation process of the NDP, boosted methodological changes, which positively impacted its design; however, vii opportunities for improvement in both its design and strengthening the process of implementation and enforcement are still looming, especially regarding: strengthening outcomes measurement, public interventions impact and disaggregation at a level of strategies, programs and sectorial goals of the prospective vision nationally outlined for the long term -2030-; making efforts to engage national development stakeholders, who are currently not covered; enhance the third "pillar" of the NPD, in order to define actions and its responsible for a more effective and efficient government action; definition of action plans for each goal; strengthen inter-agency and inter-sectorial coordination; strengthen indicators of human development and transportation sectors, in order to better measure results; and establish a plan for financing the NDP, among others.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PLAN NACIONAL DE DESARROLLO, ESTRATEGIAS, FINANCIAMIENTO, DESARROLLO, COSTA RICA