Actividad antibiótica y antifúngica de los extratos orgánicos y de fracciones cromatográficas presentes en el Liquen Lobariella Pallida
Archivos
Fecha
2008-08
Autores
Delgado Delgado, Ilse
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Los líquenes se encuentran desde los círculos polares hasta las áreas desérticas y desde las costas marinas hasta las selvas y los bosques húmedos. En Costa Rica se distribuyen en todo el país, por lo que pueden sobrevivir en lugares ubicados desde el nivel del mar hasta los 3 820 m.s.n.m.
Se colectó el liquen Lobariella pallida en el Parque Nacional Volcán Irazú en mayo de 2004, Se efectuaron extracciones exhaustivas con disolventes como: hexano, acetato de etilo, acetona, metanol y agua; a los extractos crudos se les determinó la cantidad de sólidos totales presentes, en los 100 PL aplicados en el disco de papel filtro, utilizando el método de disco difusión para medir la actividad contra los hongos Fusarium oxysporum y Botrytis sp y contra las bacterias Ralstonia solanacearum, Erwinia chrysanthemi y Xanthomonas sp. Los extractos de hexano, acetato de etilo, acetona, metanol y agua mostraron respectivamente las siguientes cantidades de sólidos totales en los 100 PL aplicados de 0,66; 0,53; 3,08; 2,56 y 1,06 mg.
Los extractos de acetona y metanol dieron resultados positivos contra la bacteria R.
solanacearum en la escala de Mc Farland's 5 y 7 equivalentes a 1,50 x 109 UFC / ml, y 2,10 x 109 UFC / mL, respectivamente. Los halos de inhibición promedio obtenidos fueron de 12,2 y 9,0 ± 0,2 mm para el extracto de acetona y 10,2 y 9,0 ± 0,2 mm para el extracto de metanol en la escala de Mc Farland's 5 y 7 respectivamente.
Después de realizar análisis por cromatografia de capa fina y cromatografia de columna, a los extractos de acetona y de metanol, se obtuvieron diferentes fracciones, las cuales presentaron actividad contra la bacteria R. solanacearum. En el extracto de acetona las fracciones unidas por su similitud, de la 25 a la 31 presentaron un halo de inhibición promedio de 8,4 ± 0,2 mm para la escala de Mc Farland's 5 equivalente a 1,50 x 109 UFC / ml, y para el extracto de metanol el extracto denominado C, correspondiente a las últimas fracciones de la columna (91-96), fue el que presentó mayor actividad, su halo de inhibición promedio para la escala de Mc Farland's 5 fue de 13,0 ± 0,2 mm y para el patrón 7 dio un valor de 10,5 ± 0,2 mm, es importante notar que estos fueron los mejores halos presentados en la investigación.
Al liquen Lobariella pallida después de realizarle un tamizaje químico indicó la presencia de posibles sustancias como: carotenoides, cumarinas, triterpenos y/o esteroles, emodinas y taninos.
Lichens are found from the polar circles to desert areas and from sea coasts to jungles and humid forests. In Costa Rica they are distributed throughout the country, so they can survive in places located from sea level to 3,820 meters above sea level. The lichen Lobariella pallida was collected in the Irazú Volcano National Park in May 2004. Exhaustive extractions were carried out with solvents such as: hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and water; The amount of total solids present in the crude extracts was determined in the 100 PL applied to the filter paper disk, using the diffusion disk method to measure the activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis sp fungi and against Ralstonia solanacearum bacteria. , Erwinia chrysanthemi and Xanthomonas sp. The hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and water extracts respectively showed the following amounts of total solids in the 100 PL applied of 0.66; 0.53; 3.08; 2.56 and 1.06 mg. The acetone and methanol extracts gave positive results against the bacterium R. solanacearum on the Mc Farland's scale 5 and 7 equivalent to 1.50 x 109 CFU / ml, and 2.10 x 109 CFU / mL, respectively. The average inhibition halos obtained were 12.2 and 9.0 ± 0.2 mm for the acetone extract and 10.2 and 9.0 ± 0.2 mm for the methanol extract on the Mc Farland's 5 scale. and 7 respectively. After carrying out analysis by thin layer chromatography and column chromatography, to the acetone and methanol extracts, different fractions were obtained, which presented activity against the R. solanacearum bacterium. In the acetone extract, the fractions joined by their similarity, from 25 to 31, presented an average inhibition halo of 8.4 ± 0.2 mm for the McFarland's 5 scale, equivalent to 1.50 x 109 CFU / ml. , and for the methanol extract, the extract called C, corresponding to the last fractions of the column (91-96), was the one that presented the highest activity, its average inhibition halo for the McFarland's 5 scale was 13.0 ± 0.2 mm and for pattern 7 gave a value of 10.5 ± 0.2 mm, it is important to note that these were the best halos presented in the investigation. The lichen Lobariella pallida after carrying out a chemical screening indicated the presence of possible substances such as: carotenoids, coumarins, triterpenes and/or sterols, emodins and tannins.
Lichens are found from the polar circles to desert areas and from sea coasts to jungles and humid forests. In Costa Rica they are distributed throughout the country, so they can survive in places located from sea level to 3,820 meters above sea level. The lichen Lobariella pallida was collected in the Irazú Volcano National Park in May 2004. Exhaustive extractions were carried out with solvents such as: hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and water; The amount of total solids present in the crude extracts was determined in the 100 PL applied to the filter paper disk, using the diffusion disk method to measure the activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis sp fungi and against Ralstonia solanacearum bacteria. , Erwinia chrysanthemi and Xanthomonas sp. The hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and water extracts respectively showed the following amounts of total solids in the 100 PL applied of 0.66; 0.53; 3.08; 2.56 and 1.06 mg. The acetone and methanol extracts gave positive results against the bacterium R. solanacearum on the Mc Farland's scale 5 and 7 equivalent to 1.50 x 109 CFU / ml, and 2.10 x 109 CFU / mL, respectively. The average inhibition halos obtained were 12.2 and 9.0 ± 0.2 mm for the acetone extract and 10.2 and 9.0 ± 0.2 mm for the methanol extract on the Mc Farland's 5 scale. and 7 respectively. After carrying out analysis by thin layer chromatography and column chromatography, to the acetone and methanol extracts, different fractions were obtained, which presented activity against the R. solanacearum bacterium. In the acetone extract, the fractions joined by their similarity, from 25 to 31, presented an average inhibition halo of 8.4 ± 0.2 mm for the McFarland's 5 scale, equivalent to 1.50 x 109 CFU / ml. , and for the methanol extract, the extract called C, corresponding to the last fractions of the column (91-96), was the one that presented the highest activity, its average inhibition halo for the McFarland's 5 scale was 13.0 ± 0.2 mm and for pattern 7 gave a value of 10.5 ± 0.2 mm, it is important to note that these were the best halos presented in the investigation. The lichen Lobariella pallida after carrying out a chemical screening indicated the presence of possible substances such as: carotenoids, coumarins, triterpenes and/or sterols, emodins and tannins.
Descripción
Delgado Delgado, I. (2008). Actividad antibiótica y antifúngica de los extratos orgánicos y de fracciones cromatográficas presentes en el Liquen Lobariella Pallida. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
LIQUENES, LICHENS, CROMATOGRAFIA DE CAPA FINA, HONGOS, FUNGUS, QUIMICA ORGANICA