Seroprevalencia de Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora hughesi y Toxoplasma gondii en equinos de Costa Rica
Fecha
2010
Autores
Víquez Murillo, Catalina
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora hughesi y Toxoplasma gondii son los protozoarios
involucrados en la etiología de la Mieloencefalitis Protozoaria Equina (EPM por su sigla en
inglés), enfermedad neurológica más comúnmente diagnosticada en equinos en el continente
Americano. Debido a los constantes relatos de diagnóstico clínico de EPM en el país, el
objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de S. neurona, T. gondii y N.
hughesi, utilizando la prueba de ELISA con proteínas recombinantes de S. neurona y N.
hughesi; así como el western blot, prueba de oro para N. hughesi. La prueba de aglutinación
modificada (MAT) fue utilizada para el diagnóstico de anticuerpos anti-T. gondii. En total se
recolectaron muestras de sangre de 315 equinos de todo el país, de varias razas, diferentes
edades, ambos sexos, en diferentes condiciones de manejo y para diversos fines. Para el
análisis de los factores asociados con la seroprevalencia de S. neurona, se utilizó una encuesta
que fue contestada por los encargados de los animales. Las muestras fueron procesadas en dos
laboratorios: el MH Gluck Equine Research Center de la Universidad de Kentucky y el
Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory del USDA. Las seroprevalencia de S. neurona, T. gondii
y N. hughesi fueron: 41.3%, 33.3% y 0.3%, respectivamente. Anticuerpos anti-S. neurona y
T. gondii y anti-N. hughesi y T. gondii fueron detectados en 18.1% y 0.3% de los equinos,
respectivamente. Entre los equinos estudiados, sólo uno había sido previamente diagnosticado
con EPM con base a los signos clínicos. Dicho animal se presentó seropositivo a S. neurona.
Los principales factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos asociados a la seroprevalencia fueron: la
edad (mayores de 6 años), la raza (razas puras), el manejo (permanencia en potreros), la
actividad (deporte y trabajo) y procedencia (Valle central). Fueron detectados animales
seropositivos en todas las provincias, excepto en Guanacaste, donde habita el Didelphis
virginiana que es el principal hospedero definitivo reconocido de S. neurona. Las
seroprevalencias obtenidas en este estudio únicamente indican la exposición de los animales a
los agentes etiológicos involucrados en la EPM, no así la enfermedad clínica. No obstante, la
EPM debe ser considerada en el diagnóstico diferencial de las enfermedades neurológicas de
los equinos del país. Más estudios son necesario para el conocimiento de la epidemiología de
la EPM en Costa Rica, sobre todo el rol de D. virginiana y D. marsupialis en la transmisión de
S. neurona.
Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora hughesi and Toxoplasma gondii are the protozoarian involved in the etiology of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM), a neurological disease more commonly diagnosed in equines in America. Due to the constant clinical reports of EPM in the country, the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of S. neurona, T. gondii and N. hughesi using the ELISA test with the recombinant protein of S. neurona and N. hughes, as well as the most accurate test for N. hughesi, the Western blot. The modified agglutination test (MAT) was used to diagnose antibodies of T. gondii. In total, 315 equine blood samples from all around the country were collected. The horses were of several breeds, varied ages, both sexes, bred, management and used for different activities. A questionnaire was used in order to analyze the factors associated with the seroprevalence of the S. neurona. The samples were processed in two laboratories: the MH Gluck Equine Research Center in the University of Kentucky and the Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The seroprevalence of S. neurona, T. gondii and N. hughesi were: 41.3%, 33.3% and 0.3%, respectively. Antibodies of S. neurona and T. gondii, were detected in 18.1% while antibodies of N. hughesi and T. gondii were detected in 0.3% of the equines. Among the equines studied, only one had been previously diagnosed with EPM based on clinical signs. This animal was seropositive to S. neurona. The main intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the seroprevalence were: age (older than 6 years), breed (pure breed), management (time spent in the pasture), activity (sporting an d work) and proceeding (Central valley). Seropositive animals were found in all provinces, except in Guanacaste, where lives the main known definitive host of S. neurona, the opossum Didelphis virginiana. The seroprevalence obtained in this study only indicates the exposure of these animals to the etiological agents involved in EPM, not the clinical disease. Nevertheless, EPM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the neurological disease of the equines in the country. Further studies are necessary in order to know the epidemiology of EPM in Costa Rica, especially the role of D. virginiana and D. marsupialis in the transmission of S. neurona.
Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora hughesi and Toxoplasma gondii are the protozoarian involved in the etiology of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM), a neurological disease more commonly diagnosed in equines in America. Due to the constant clinical reports of EPM in the country, the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of S. neurona, T. gondii and N. hughesi using the ELISA test with the recombinant protein of S. neurona and N. hughes, as well as the most accurate test for N. hughesi, the Western blot. The modified agglutination test (MAT) was used to diagnose antibodies of T. gondii. In total, 315 equine blood samples from all around the country were collected. The horses were of several breeds, varied ages, both sexes, bred, management and used for different activities. A questionnaire was used in order to analyze the factors associated with the seroprevalence of the S. neurona. The samples were processed in two laboratories: the MH Gluck Equine Research Center in the University of Kentucky and the Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The seroprevalence of S. neurona, T. gondii and N. hughesi were: 41.3%, 33.3% and 0.3%, respectively. Antibodies of S. neurona and T. gondii, were detected in 18.1% while antibodies of N. hughesi and T. gondii were detected in 0.3% of the equines. Among the equines studied, only one had been previously diagnosed with EPM based on clinical signs. This animal was seropositive to S. neurona. The main intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the seroprevalence were: age (older than 6 years), breed (pure breed), management (time spent in the pasture), activity (sporting an d work) and proceeding (Central valley). Seropositive animals were found in all provinces, except in Guanacaste, where lives the main known definitive host of S. neurona, the opossum Didelphis virginiana. The seroprevalence obtained in this study only indicates the exposure of these animals to the etiological agents involved in EPM, not the clinical disease. Nevertheless, EPM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the neurological disease of the equines in the country. Further studies are necessary in order to know the epidemiology of EPM in Costa Rica, especially the role of D. virginiana and D. marsupialis in the transmission of S. neurona.
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis de grado
Palabras clave
CABALLO, PROTOZOA, SARCOCYSTIS, TOXOPLASMA GONDII, ELISA, HORSE