Diversidad de insectos acuáticos en las nacientes del suroeste del Río Patria, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo
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Fecha
2007
Autores
Paniagua Sánchez, Max
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El presente trabajo se realizó en las nacientes Río Las Vueltas y Quebrada Grande en la sección. suroeste del Río Patria, ubicado en el Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo en la Provincia de Heredia Costa Rica. El objetivo de la investigación fue contribuir al conocimiento de los insectos acuáticos del Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Costa Rica. La investigación se basó en cuatro giras de recolecta de individuos en los meses de julio y octubre del 2005, enero y abril del 2006. La recolecta de insectos acuáticos se realizó con envases plásticos de colores claros y una red entomológica, dichos instrumentos se aplicaron varias veces tanto en la superficie, a la mitad de la columna de agua, areną, base de las rocas, etc, estas muestras se tomaron con un tiempo de cinco minutos. Los individuos se conservaron en alcohol al 70% y se trasladaron a un laboratorio de la Universidad Nacional para su identificación. También se examinaron y con un pincel las hojarascas presentes en la orilla de los sistemas acuáticos y las prensadas entre las piedras, ya que los insectos acuáticos las utilizan como microhábitats momentáneos o permanentes. Se aplicaron los índices B.M:W.P para Costa Rica; Margalef, Simpson y Shannon-Wiener. Además, se realizó una curva de acumulación de especies y de especies raras no paramétrica aplicada a los géneros encontrados, la paciente Río Las Vueltas obtuvo mayor cantidad de géneros (31) y abundancia (362) que la naciente Quebrada Grande (23 géneros y 325 individuos). Se encontró un género desconocido de la familia Baetidae; algomos de sus representantes se donaron al Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Costa Rica y al Laboratorio de Ecología de la Universidad Nacional. Los géneros -más abundantes en las nacientes fueron Leptoluyphes y Trepabates. El microhábitat más utilizado por diferentes géneros en Río Las Vueltas fue el denominado “arena y en la naciente Quebrada Grande fueron los microhábitats "Adherido a la hojarasca" y "Adherido a rocas". Río Las Vueltas presentó calidad de agua en excelentes condiciones, por otra parte, Quebrada Grande presentó agua no alterada de manera sensible según el índice B.M.W.P. En ambas nacientes predominó la equidad. La época lluviosa presentó diferencia significativa en el promedio de la abundancia con respecto a la época scca en Río Las Vucltas (P<0.0395), para Quebrada Grande no se encontró diferencia significativa (P<0.0511). Características como corriente rápida o lenta y presencia de materiales orgánicos en las nacientes, permitieron hallar microhábitats aptos para los géneros encontrados. El aumento del caudal en la estación lluviosa permitió lavar materiales orgánicos y posibles contaminantes naturales, situación que pudo establecer un entorno con condiciones adecuadas para encontrar más géneros e individuos. Quebrada Grande, debido a la presencia de hojas, hojas, tallos y heces de danta, presentó calidad de agua no alterada de manera sensible, esta situación se puede considerar como una situación normal dentro de un Bosque Tropical Húmedo con una cobertura de bosque primario. Se determinó que no existió diferencia en cuanto a la diversidad de géneros encontrados en ambas nacientes, en cuanto a la abundancia si se encontró diferencia. A pesar que el índice B.M.W.P se utiliza a nivel de familia, sería de suma importancia que las instituciones encargadas y los diferentes especialistas nacionales construyan un índice a nivel de especie para obtener valores más adaptados a las necesidades de nuestro país. Se debe actualizar el índice B.M.W.P aplicado a nuestro país, además redoblar esfuerzos entre los diferentes especialistas e instituciones del estado, por crece un índice a nivel de especie, que se convierta en una herramienta efectiva para la determinación de la calidad biológica y calidad del agua, que permita un manejo adecuado de los recursos acuáticos.
The present work was carried out in the headwaters of Río Las Vueltas and Quebrada Grande in the section. southwest of the Patria River, located in the Braulio Carrillo National Park in the Heredia Province of Costa Rica. The objective of the research was to contribute to the knowledge of the aquatic insects of the Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica. The investigation was based on four individual collection tours in the months of July and October 2005, January and April 2006. The collection of aquatic insects was carried out with light-colored plastic containers and an entomological net, these instruments were applied several times. times both on the surface, in the middle of the water column, sand, base of the rocks, etc., these samples were taken with a time of five minutes. The individuals were preserved in 70% alcohol and transferred to a National University laboratory for identification. The litter present on the shore of the aquatic systems and those pressed between the stones were also examined and with a brush, since the aquatic insects use them as momentary or permanent microhabitats. The B.M:W.P indices were applied for Costa Rica; Margalef, Simpson, and Shannon-Wiener. In addition, a non-parametric accumulation curve of species and rare species was applied to the genera found, the patient Río Las Vueltas obtained a greater number of genera (31) and abundance (362) than the nascent Quebrada Grande (23 genera and 325 individuals). An unknown genus of the family Baetidae was found; algomos of its representatives were donated to the Zoology Museum of the University of Costa Rica and to the Ecology Laboratory of the National University. The most abundant genera in the springs were Leptoluyphes and Trepabates. The microhabitat most used by different genera in Río Las Vueltas was the so-called “sand” and in the source of the Quebrada Grande they were the microhabitats "Adhered to leaf litter" and "Adhered to rocks". Río Las Vueltas presented water quality in excellent conditions, on the other hand, Quebrada Grande presented water not significantly altered according to the B.M.W.P. In both springs equity prevailed. The rainy season presented a significant difference in the average abundance with respect to the scca season in Río Las Vucltas (P<0.0395), for Quebrada Grande no significant difference was found (P<0.0511). Characteristics such as fast or slow current and the presence of organic materials in the springs, allowed us to find suitable microhabitats for the genera found. The increase in flow in the rainy season allowed organic materials and possible natural contaminants to be washed away, a situation that could establish an environment with adequate conditions to find more genera and individuals. Quebrada Grande, due to the presence of tapir leaves, leaves, stems and faeces, presented water quality that was not significantly altered, this situation can be considered as a normal situation within a Humid Tropical Forest with a primary forest cover. It was determined that there was no difference in the diversity of genera found in both springs, in terms of abundance if a difference was found. Although the B.M.W.P index is used at the family level, it would be extremely important that the institutions in charge and the different national specialists build an index at the species level to obtain values more adapted to the needs of our country. The B.M.W.P index applied to our country must be updated, in addition to redoubling efforts between the different specialists and state institutions, to grow an index at the species level, which becomes an effective tool for determining biological quality and water quality. , which allows an adequate management of aquatic resources.
The present work was carried out in the headwaters of Río Las Vueltas and Quebrada Grande in the section. southwest of the Patria River, located in the Braulio Carrillo National Park in the Heredia Province of Costa Rica. The objective of the research was to contribute to the knowledge of the aquatic insects of the Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica. The investigation was based on four individual collection tours in the months of July and October 2005, January and April 2006. The collection of aquatic insects was carried out with light-colored plastic containers and an entomological net, these instruments were applied several times. times both on the surface, in the middle of the water column, sand, base of the rocks, etc., these samples were taken with a time of five minutes. The individuals were preserved in 70% alcohol and transferred to a National University laboratory for identification. The litter present on the shore of the aquatic systems and those pressed between the stones were also examined and with a brush, since the aquatic insects use them as momentary or permanent microhabitats. The B.M:W.P indices were applied for Costa Rica; Margalef, Simpson, and Shannon-Wiener. In addition, a non-parametric accumulation curve of species and rare species was applied to the genera found, the patient Río Las Vueltas obtained a greater number of genera (31) and abundance (362) than the nascent Quebrada Grande (23 genera and 325 individuals). An unknown genus of the family Baetidae was found; algomos of its representatives were donated to the Zoology Museum of the University of Costa Rica and to the Ecology Laboratory of the National University. The most abundant genera in the springs were Leptoluyphes and Trepabates. The microhabitat most used by different genera in Río Las Vueltas was the so-called “sand” and in the source of the Quebrada Grande they were the microhabitats "Adhered to leaf litter" and "Adhered to rocks". Río Las Vueltas presented water quality in excellent conditions, on the other hand, Quebrada Grande presented water not significantly altered according to the B.M.W.P. In both springs equity prevailed. The rainy season presented a significant difference in the average abundance with respect to the scca season in Río Las Vucltas (P<0.0395), for Quebrada Grande no significant difference was found (P<0.0511). Characteristics such as fast or slow current and the presence of organic materials in the springs, allowed us to find suitable microhabitats for the genera found. The increase in flow in the rainy season allowed organic materials and possible natural contaminants to be washed away, a situation that could establish an environment with adequate conditions to find more genera and individuals. Quebrada Grande, due to the presence of tapir leaves, leaves, stems and faeces, presented water quality that was not significantly altered, this situation can be considered as a normal situation within a Humid Tropical Forest with a primary forest cover. It was determined that there was no difference in the diversity of genera found in both springs, in terms of abundance if a difference was found. Although the B.M.W.P index is used at the family level, it would be extremely important that the institutions in charge and the different national specialists build an index at the species level to obtain values more adapted to the needs of our country. The B.M.W.P index applied to our country must be updated, in addition to redoubling efforts between the different specialists and state institutions, to grow an index at the species level, which becomes an effective tool for determining biological quality and water quality. , which allows an adequate management of aquatic resources.
Descripción
Paniagua Sánchez, M. (2007). Diversidad de insectos acuáticos en las nacientes del suroeste del Río Patria, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Costa Rica. [Tesis de Licenciatura] Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Palabras clave
RIOS, INSECTOS ACUATICOS, MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE Y ENERGIA (COSTA RICA), PARQUE NACIONAL BRAULIO CARRILLO (COSTA RICA), RIVERS, AQUATIC INSECTS