Mantenimiento de marcos geodésicos de referencia: estudio de la evolución post-sísmica tras el terremoto del 05 de setiembre del 2012 en Nicoya, Costa Rica
Fecha
2016-11
Autores
Araya Cerda, Ernesto
Rojas Borbón, Katherine
Romero Pizarro, Rebeca
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Se muestran los resultados del estudio realizado sobre la cinemática de la zona afectada por el terremoto ocurrido en la región de Samara en el año 2012, a través del procesamiento de las observaciones de un conjunto de estaciones que son parte del Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS, por sus siglas en inglés) de medición continua, la medición en un conjunto de vértices de la red pasiva de primer y segundo orden oficial de Costa Rica y el modelado gravimétrico de los cambios de la distribución de masas de la zona de interés.
La metodología empleada en el estudio inició primeramente con el uso del software científico Bernese0 5.0 para procesar el periodo de estudio comprendido de la semana GPS 1669 a la 1 790, equivalente a 2 años y 4 meses. Se utilizaron las estaciones de libre acceso para los usuarios, entre ellas las administradas por el Servicio GNSS Internacional (IGS, por sus siglas en ingles), Consorcio de Universidades NAVstar (UNAVCO, por sus siglas en ingles) y el Instituto Geodésico Nacional de Estados Unidos (NGS, por sus siglas en ingles). Este proceso complementó las semanas ya procesadas y suministradas por el Centro Nacional de Procesamiento de Datos GNSS de Costa Rica (CNPDG).
Luego el Programa de Regularización de Catastro y Registro (PRCR) y la Red Sismológica Nacional (RSN) facilitaron datos crudos de las estaciones pasivas de la red de primer y segundo orden de los años 201 1 y 2012. Para complementar esta información y así incrementar la densidad de la misma, se programaron tres giras a las estaciones pasivas en la zona de estudio, en el año 2014 se realizaron dos campañas de medición y una a principios del año 2016; esta información se procesó mediante el uso del software Topcon Tools
Debido a problemas que se presentaron con el gravímetro propiedad de la ETCG no se pudieron realizar mediciones cerca de la zona de estudio por lo que el objetivo número 3 aprobado en el anteproyecto se cambió cuando se solicitó la prórroga del seminario de graduación y se optó por usar los modelos gravimétricos globales.
Se utilizaron los modelos gravimétricos EIGEN-6C2 y EIGEN-6C3stat para el cálculo de anomalías de gravedad y la generación de mapas de anomalías usando información de misiones satelitales, con el fin de estimar los cambios en la aceleración de la gravedad en el área de Sámara y alrededores.
Los resultados permitieron generar series de tiempo que muestran el comportamiento de cada estación antes y después del terremoto, coordenadas y velocidades de las estaciones como consecuencia del evento de las cuales se puede calcular el desplazamiento sufrido y mapas de anomalías de gravedad para observar el cambio en la aceleración de la gravedad.
The results of the study carried out on the kinematics of the area affected by the earthquake that occurred in the Samara region in 2012 are shown, through the processing of observations from a set of stations that are part of the Global Positioning System (GPS). , for its acronym in English) of continuous measurement, the measurement in a set of vertices of the passive network of first and second official order of Costa Rica and the gravimetric modeling of changes in the mass distribution of the area of interest. The methodology used in the study began first with the use of the Bernese0 5.0 scientific software to process the study period from week GPS 1669 to week 1790, equivalent to 2 years and 4 months. Free access stations for users were used, including those managed by the International GNSS Service (IGS), the NAVstar Consortium of Universities (UNAVCO) and the National Geodetic Institute of United States. States (NGS). This process complemented the weeks already processed and supplied by the Costa Rican National GNSS Data Processing Center (CNPDG). Then, the Cadastre and Registry Regularization Program (PRCR) and the National Seismological Network (RSN) provided raw data from the passive stations of the first and second order network for the years 2011 and 2012. To complement this information and thus increase the density of the same, three tours to the passive stations in the study area were scheduled, in the year 2014 two measurement campaigns were carried out and one at the beginning of the year 2016; this information was processed through the use of Topcon Tools software. Due to problems that arose with the gravimeter owned by the ETCG, measurements could not be made near the study area, so objective number 3 approved in the draft was changed when the extension of the graduation seminar was requested and it was decided to use global gravity models. The EIGEN-6C2 and EIGEN-6C3stat gravimetric models were used for the calculation of gravity anomalies and the generation of anomaly maps using information from satellite missions, in order to estimate the changes in the acceleration of gravity in the Samara area. and surroundings. The results made it possible to generate time series that show the behavior of each station before and after the earthquake, coordinates and speeds of the stations as a consequence of the event, from which the displacement suffered can be calculated, and maps of gravity anomalies to observe the change in the acceleration of gravity.
The results of the study carried out on the kinematics of the area affected by the earthquake that occurred in the Samara region in 2012 are shown, through the processing of observations from a set of stations that are part of the Global Positioning System (GPS). , for its acronym in English) of continuous measurement, the measurement in a set of vertices of the passive network of first and second official order of Costa Rica and the gravimetric modeling of changes in the mass distribution of the area of interest. The methodology used in the study began first with the use of the Bernese0 5.0 scientific software to process the study period from week GPS 1669 to week 1790, equivalent to 2 years and 4 months. Free access stations for users were used, including those managed by the International GNSS Service (IGS), the NAVstar Consortium of Universities (UNAVCO) and the National Geodetic Institute of United States. States (NGS). This process complemented the weeks already processed and supplied by the Costa Rican National GNSS Data Processing Center (CNPDG). Then, the Cadastre and Registry Regularization Program (PRCR) and the National Seismological Network (RSN) provided raw data from the passive stations of the first and second order network for the years 2011 and 2012. To complement this information and thus increase the density of the same, three tours to the passive stations in the study area were scheduled, in the year 2014 two measurement campaigns were carried out and one at the beginning of the year 2016; this information was processed through the use of Topcon Tools software. Due to problems that arose with the gravimeter owned by the ETCG, measurements could not be made near the study area, so objective number 3 approved in the draft was changed when the extension of the graduation seminar was requested and it was decided to use global gravity models. The EIGEN-6C2 and EIGEN-6C3stat gravimetric models were used for the calculation of gravity anomalies and the generation of anomaly maps using information from satellite missions, in order to estimate the changes in the acceleration of gravity in the Samara area. and surroundings. The results made it possible to generate time series that show the behavior of each station before and after the earthquake, coordinates and speeds of the stations as a consequence of the event, from which the displacement suffered can be calculated, and maps of gravity anomalies to observe the change in the acceleration of gravity.
Descripción
Araya Cerda, E., Rojas Borbón, K. y Romero Pizarro, R. (216). Mantenimiento de marcos geodésicos de referencia : estudio de la evolución post-sísmica tras el terremoto del 05 de setiembre del 2012 en Nicoya, Costa Rica. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
TECTONICA GLOBAL, TERREMOTOS, EARTHQUAKES, SATELITES ARTIFICIALES, GEODESIA, GEODESY, PROGRAMAS COMPUTACIONALES, INVESTIGACION CIENTIFICA, NICOYA (GUANACASTE)