Guía florística para la rehabilitación de comunidades vegetales en la microcuenca del río Bermúdez, como parte del corredor biológico interurbano, Heredia, Costa Rica
Fecha
2023-07
Autores
Calderón Rodríguez, Manuel de Jesús
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La guía de rehabilitación de comunidades vegetales consiste en el monitoreo de las coberturas vegetales mediante el uso del VANT (Vehículo aéreo no Tripulado). Así como de los muestreos de flora en la zona altitudinal baja, mediana y alta en las altitudes de 1130 a 1630 m.s.n.m. Con esto se obtuvo una propuesta de rehabilitación ecológica para cuatro espacios identificados en el área de estudio, como las áreas de parques y aceras, los espacios de ríos y quebradas, jardines privados y cafetales. En cuanto al muestreo de la flora se distinguió las comunidades vegetales presentes en la microcuenca del río Bermúdez, ubicada en el cantón de San Rafael de Heredia. En ella se realizó un reconocimiento de la vegetación de las comunidades vegetales, mediante el índice de diversidad de Simpson y el índice de similitud de Sorensen. Donde la vegetación de galería (vg) presentó los valores más altos de índice de diversidad de Simpson con 0,97 para la zona baja, 0,99 en la zona media 0,96 para la zona alta. En cuanto a los valores más altos de similitud la vegetación en bosques secundarios (bs) y vegetación de galería obtuvieron los porcentajes más altos en similitud principalmente para las zona media y alta; sitio donde se encontró una vegetación con una menor intervención humana. Además, con los muestreos se obtuvieron especies idóneas mediante las variables ecológicas de densidad, frecuencia y proporción; además se tomó en cuenta valoraciones cualitativas en los usos de las especies. Las cuáles son prioritarias para proyectos de rehabilitación de comunidades vegetales como: Robinsonella lindeniana, Croton niveus y Trichilia havanensis para las zonas bajas; Ocotea praetermisa, Ocotea atirrensis y Tabernaemontana donnel-smithii para las zonas medias y Viburnum costaricanum, Conostegia xalapensis e Inga oerstediana para las zonas altas.
The guide for the rehabilitation of plant communities consists of monitoring the vegetation cover using the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). As well as flora sampling in the low, medium and high altitudinal zone at altitudes of 1130 to 1630 meters above sea level. This resulted in an ecological rehabilitation proposal for four areas identified in the study area, such as parks and sidewalks, rivers and streams, private gardens and coffee plantations. As for the flora sampling, the plant communities present in the Bermudez River micro-watershed, located in the canton of San Rafael de Heredia, were distinguished. The vegetation of the plant communities in the micro-watershed was surveyed using Simpson's diversity index and Sorensen's similarity index. The gallery vegetation (vg) presented the highest values of Simpson's diversity index with 0.97 for the low zone, 0.99 in the middle zone and 0.96 in the high zone. As for the highest similarity values, the vegetation in secondary forests (bs) and gallery vegetation obtained the highest percentages of similarity, mainly in the middle and high zones, where vegetation with less human intervention was found. In addition, with the sampling, suitable species were obtained through the ecological variables of density, frequency and proportion; in addition, qualitative evaluations were taken into account in the uses of the species. The priority species for plant community rehabilitation projects are: Robinsonella lindeniana, Croton niveus and Trichilia havanensis for the lower zones; Ocotea praetermisa, Ocotea atirrensis and Tabernaemontana donnel-smithii for the middle zones and Viburnum costaricanum, Conostegia xalapensis and Inga oerstediana for the higher zones.
The guide for the rehabilitation of plant communities consists of monitoring the vegetation cover using the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). As well as flora sampling in the low, medium and high altitudinal zone at altitudes of 1130 to 1630 meters above sea level. This resulted in an ecological rehabilitation proposal for four areas identified in the study area, such as parks and sidewalks, rivers and streams, private gardens and coffee plantations. As for the flora sampling, the plant communities present in the Bermudez River micro-watershed, located in the canton of San Rafael de Heredia, were distinguished. The vegetation of the plant communities in the micro-watershed was surveyed using Simpson's diversity index and Sorensen's similarity index. The gallery vegetation (vg) presented the highest values of Simpson's diversity index with 0.97 for the low zone, 0.99 in the middle zone and 0.96 in the high zone. As for the highest similarity values, the vegetation in secondary forests (bs) and gallery vegetation obtained the highest percentages of similarity, mainly in the middle and high zones, where vegetation with less human intervention was found. In addition, with the sampling, suitable species were obtained through the ecological variables of density, frequency and proportion; in addition, qualitative evaluations were taken into account in the uses of the species. The priority species for plant community rehabilitation projects are: Robinsonella lindeniana, Croton niveus and Trichilia havanensis for the lower zones; Ocotea praetermisa, Ocotea atirrensis and Tabernaemontana donnel-smithii for the middle zones and Viburnum costaricanum, Conostegia xalapensis and Inga oerstediana for the higher zones.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Ciencias Forestales con énfasis en Manejo Forestal
Palabras clave
MONITOREO BIOLÓGICO, BIOLOGICAL MONITORING, COBERTURA VEGETAL, VEGETATION COVER, CORREDOR BIOLÓGICO, BIOLOGICAL CORRIDOR, CUENCAS HIDROGRÁFICAS, RIVER BASINS, FLORA, FLOWER, MUESTREO, SAMPLING, REHABILITACIÓN URBANA, URBAN REHABILITATION, SAN RAFAEL (HEREDIA)