Fortalecimiento de la lectoescritura mediante el uso de lecto-juegos, dirigido a población infantil de IV año, de la comunidad de Santa Cecilia, Guanacaste, periodo lectivo 2022-2023.

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out under the project modality, to opt for the degree of Bachelor of Pedagogy with emphasis on I and II cycle of Basic General Education. Therefore, the general objective of this investigation is to strengthen the literacy process, through the use of the reading-games strategy, for the improvement of Spanish literacy skills, aimed at the child population of IV level of the community of Santa Cecilia. Guanacaste, school period 2022-2023. Due to the learning difficulties that this student population presents, this educational proposal was born. During this proposal, work sessions were held, which were focused on strengthening the educational process of boys and girls, through the development of skills that were complemented by the reading-games strategy of the author Martha Sastrías, since this is a essential tool to promote the interest of students in the educational field, because it focuses on making educational games that encourage the desire to learn in infants. Therefore, each workshop was carried out according to the educational needs of the study population. Likewise, this inquiry is framed under the naturalistic paradigm because it is based on collecting information from the participating subjects in a natural way without making any alterations. In addition, its approach is qualitative because it arises from a situation that needs to be addressed due to certain characteristics that it presents, so that different alternatives or options are studied to reach an appropriate purpose and determine various benefits for this participating population. This study is also based on action research, which focuses on finding a solution to the situation under study. Therefore, an aspect that is characterized as relevant is its flexibility, because it can be adapted in the way that best suits or benefits the population under study and thus be able to provide a solution to the problem presented. On the other hand, this work is made up of chapter I containing introduction, justification, problem statement, objectives and state of the art, chapter II the conceptual framework, chapter III operational plan for execution, chapter IV analysis and interpretation of the results and finally chapter V which are the conclusions and recommendations. Thus, among its main findings it was determined that the student population under study had reading and writing difficulties, only recognized vowels and sometimes confused them, did not recognize phonemes, consonants, simple syllables, mixed and inverse syllables, compound syllables, they also substituted words, omitted syllables, had spelling problems. That is, the infants participating in the study were at an initial level, since their knowledge was not in accordance with their age and school level. Therefore, the educational proposal was developed and workshops were carried out with the implementation of the reading-games strategy, which generated successful results such as significant learning in students, the recognition of vowels, the alphabet, syllables, reading, writing. words and texts, articulation and pronunciation improved, and is currently in a second level in literacy. Keywords: reading-games, language skills, reading, writing, strategy and games.

La presente investigación se realizó bajo la modalidad proyecto, para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en Pedagogía con énfasis en I y II ciclo de la Educación General Básica. Por lo que, el objetivo general de esta indagación es fortalecer el proceso de la lectoescritura, mediante el uso de la estrategia de los lecto- juegos, para el mejoramiento de las habilidades de lectoescritura del español, dirigido a la población infantil de IV año de la comunidad de Santa Cecilia. Guanacaste, periodo lectivo 2022-2023. Debido a las dificultades de aprendizajes que presenta esta población estudiantil, es que nace esta propuesta educativa. Durante esta propuesta se realizaron sesiones de trabajo, la cual estaban enfocadas a fortalecer el proceso educativo de los niños y las niñas, mediante el desarrollo de habilidades que se complementaban con la estrategia lecto-juegos de la autora Martha Sastrías, ya que esta es una herramienta esencial para promover el interés de las personas estudiantes en el ámbito educativo, porque se enfoca en realizar juegos pedagógicos que incitan el deseo de aprender en los infantes. Por lo que, cada taller se realizó según las necesidades educativas de la población en estudio. Asimismo, esta indagación se enmarca bajo el paradigma naturalista porque se basa en recopilar información de los sujetos participantes de forma natural sin realizar ninguna alteración. Además, su enfoque es cualitativo porque surge de una situación que necesita ser abordada por ciertas características que presenta, de forma que, se estudia distintas alternativas u opciones para llegar a una finalidad acertada y determinar diversos beneficios para esta población participante. También este estudio se sustenta en la investigación acción, la cual se enfoca en buscar una solución para la situación que se estudia. Por lo tanto, un aspecto que se caracteriza relevante es su flexibilidad, porque se puede adecuar de la forma que mejor se adapte o se beneficie la población en estudio y de esta manera poder brindar una solución al problema presentado. Por otra parte, este trabajo está conformado por el capítulo I que contienen introducción, justificación, planteamiento del problema, objetivos y estado de la cuestión, capítulo II el marco conceptual, capítulo III plan operativo para la ejecución, capítulo IV análisis e interpretación de los resultados y por último del capítulo V que son las conclusiones y recomendaciones. De modo, que entre sus principales hallazgos se determinó que la población estudiantil en estudio presentaba dificultades de lectura y escritura, solo reconocían las vocales y en ocasiones las confundían, no reconocían fonemas, consonantes, sílabas simples, sílabas mixtas e inversas, sílabas compuestas, también sustituían las palabras, omitían sílabas, presentaban problemas de grafía. Es decir, los infantes participantes del estudio se encontraban en un nivel inicial, ya que sus conocimientos no estaban acorde a su edad y nivel escolar. Por lo tanto, se desarrolló la propuesta educativa y se ejecutaron talleres con la implementación de la estrategia lecto-juegos, la cual generó resultados exitosos como fueron los aprendizajes significativos en las personas discentes, el reconocimiento de vocales, abecedario, sílabas, leer, escribir palabras y textos, la articulación y pronunciación mejoró, y actualmente se encuentra en un segundo año en lectoescritura. Palabras claves: lecto-juegos, habilidades lingüísticas, lectura, escritura, estrategia y juegos.

Summary The present investigation was carried out under the project modality, to opt for the degree of Bachelor of Pedagogy with emphasis on I and II cycle of Basic General Education. Therefore, the general objective of this investigation is to strengthen the literacy process, through the use of the reading-games strategy, for the improvement of Spanish literacy skills, aimed at the child population of IV level of the community of Santa Cecilia. Guanacaste, school period 2022-2023. Due to the learning difficulties that this student population presents, this educational proposal was born. During this proposal, work sessions were held, which were focused on strengthening the educational process of boys and girls, through the development of skills that were complemented by the reading-games strategy of the author Martha Sastrías, since this is a essential tool to promote the interest of students in the educational field, because it focuses on making educational games that encourage the desire to learn in infants. Therefore, each workshop was carried out according to the educational needs of the study population. Likewise, this inquiry is framed under the naturalistic paradigm because it is based on collecting information from the participating subjects in a natural way without making any alterations. In addition, its approach is qualitative because it arises from a situation that needs to be addressed due to certain characteristics that it presents, so that different alternatives or options are studied to reach an appropriate purpose and determine various benefits for this participating population. This study is also based on action research, which focuses on finding a solution to the situation under study. Therefore, an aspect that is characterized as relevant is its flexibility, because it can be adapted in the way that best suits or benefits the population under study and thus be able to provide a solution to the problem presented. On the other hand, this work is made up of chapter I containing introduction, justification, problem statement, objectives and state of the art, chapter II the conceptual framework, chapter III operational plan for execution, chapter IV analysis and interpretation of the results and finally chapter V which are the conclusions and recommendations. Thus, among its main findings it was determined that the student population under study had reading and writing difficulties, only recognized vowels and sometimes confused them, did not recognize phonemes, consonants, simple syllables, mixed and inverse syllables, compound syllables, they also substituted words, omitted syllables, had spelling problems. That is, the infants participating in the study were at an initial level, since their knowledge was not in accordance with their age and school level. Therefore, the educational proposal was developed and workshops were carried out with the implementation of the reading-games strategy, which generated successful results such as significant learning in students, the recognition of vowels, the alphabet, syllables, reading, writing. words and texts, articulation and pronunciation improved, and is currently in a second level in literacy. Keywords: reading-games, language skills, reading, writing, strategy and games.