Análisis de las causas de morosidad legal y financiera de la cartera de crédito de vivienda del Banco de Costa Rica para período junio 2006 a junio 2010
Fecha
2011
Autores
Badilla Barboza, Yendry
Valerio Blanco, Denis
Jiménez Sánchez, William
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Las entidades bancarias estatales operan con carteras de crédito conformadas por tipos de préstamos que responden a las necesidades de financiamiento de los clientes que las conforman, cada categoría necesita ciertos requerimientos establecidos por los Bancos para ser otorgados a sus solicitantes. En el conjunto de entidades bancarias del Estado se encuentra el Banco de Costa Rica, denominado por las siglas BCR de ahora en adelante para efectos del presente trabajo. El BCR también posee una amplia cartera de crédito conformada principalmente en mayor demanda por los créditos de vivienda, los cuales tienen como finalidad la construcción de vivienda, remodelación, compra de lote, compra de casa, entre otros. Este tipo de crédito exige el cumplimiento de requisitos desde otorgamiento hasta el vencimiento del mismo, una de esas obligaciones es el eficiente pago de las cuotas establecidas según la cantidad de crédito otorgado, que se cancelan en un período determinado; cuando los clientes que tienen un crédito bancario se atrasan en el pago oportuno de las mensualidades se genera lo que se conoce como morosidad, la cual afecta la liquidez bancaria al no contar con parte del dinero prestado. Las causas de morosidad bancaria en una cartera de crédito pueden responder al aumento de las tasas de interés, la falta de ingreso de los clientes, la variación de políticas de dichas instituciones entre otras. Se desconoce con claridad cuáles de estas causas son más significativas o cuáles han generado mayor nivel de morosidad y su trasfondo en el BCR.
The state banking entities operate with credit portfolios made up of types of loans that respond to the financing needs of their clients, each category requiring certain requirements established by the banks in order to be granted to their applicants. The Banco de Costa Rica, hereinafter referred to as BCR for the purposes of this paper, is part of the group of state-owned banks. The BCR also has a large loan portfolio, mainly conformed in greater demand by housing loans, which are intended for the construction of housing, remodeling, purchase of a lot, purchase of a house, among others. One of these obligations is the efficient payment of the installments established according to the amount of credit granted, which are cancelled in a determined period; when the clients who have a bank loan are late in the timely payment of the monthly installments, what is known as delinquency is generated, which affects the bank liquidity by not having part of the borrowed money. The causes of bank delinquency in a loan portfolio may be due to an increase in interest rates, lack of client income, changes in the policies of these institutions, among others. It is not clear which of these causes are the most significant or which have been the most significant.
The state banking entities operate with credit portfolios made up of types of loans that respond to the financing needs of their clients, each category requiring certain requirements established by the banks in order to be granted to their applicants. The Banco de Costa Rica, hereinafter referred to as BCR for the purposes of this paper, is part of the group of state-owned banks. The BCR also has a large loan portfolio, mainly conformed in greater demand by housing loans, which are intended for the construction of housing, remodeling, purchase of a lot, purchase of a house, among others. One of these obligations is the efficient payment of the installments established according to the amount of credit granted, which are cancelled in a determined period; when the clients who have a bank loan are late in the timely payment of the monthly installments, what is known as delinquency is generated, which affects the bank liquidity by not having part of the borrowed money. The causes of bank delinquency in a loan portfolio may be due to an increase in interest rates, lack of client income, changes in the policies of these institutions, among others. It is not clear which of these causes are the most significant or which have been the most significant.
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BANCOS COMERCIALES, CRÉDITO COMERCIAL, VIVIENDA, PRÉSTAMOS VENCIDOS, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMERCIAL CREDIT, DWELLING, OVERDUE LOANS