Aporte de la Terminal Puerto Caldera al desarrollo económico de la provincia de Puntarenas en términos de recaudación fiscal y generación de empleo
Fecha
2022-02-23
Autores
Gómez Rojas, Zúrika
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El transporte marítimo es el más utilizado para el intercambio de mercancías a nivel mundial, por esta razón, los puertos marítimos son trascendentales, para lograr una óptima competitividad siendo imprescindible la continua ejecución de inversiones en infraestructura, maquinaria y personal capacitado que permita la atención de los buques de forma eficiente.
Puerto Caldera es el principal puerto en el litoral pacífico del país, por lo que, en respuesta a la alta demanda en los servicios, la modernización en infraestructura y equipos, requerida para atender de forma eficiente a los usuarios, en el 2001 el Instituto Costarricense de Puertos del Pacífico, (2016) tomó la decisión de concesionar el Puerto, a una empresa privada, por lo que se inició con el proceso de licitación, en el cual se adjudicaron tres empresas que serían las encargadas de modernizar, competir, atraer mayores inversiones y adaptarse a las demandas comerciales a las cuales estaba expuesto el país.
Según datos del Instituto Costarricense de Puertos del Pacífico (2017), para finales del año 2005, Puerto Caldera en promedio movilizaba de 300 a 400 toneladas de graneles por hora, mientras que para 2016 estas cantidades crecieron, al movilizar una carga media de 890 toneladas por hora, convirtiéndose en un incremento de alrededor de un 125%, posterior al inicio de las operaciones de la Terminal Granelera en el 2015.
Paralelamente al incrementar la productividad del Puerto, los ingresos correspondientes al canon pagado por parte de las concesionarias aumentaron, traduciéndose en un incremento en la recaudación fiscal para la provincia y en generación de empleo, que naturalmente debe aumentar para asegurar la continuidad y eficiencia de los servicios brindados.
La presente investigación se centrará específicamente en visualizar el aporte de la Terminal Puerto Caldera al desarrollo económico de la provincia de Puntarenas en términos de recaudación fiscal y generación de empleo.
Se analizará el empleo directo e indirecto originado de las concesionarias, logrando visualizar que el impacto en la disminución del desempleo en la provincia es bajo, considerando los puestos de trabajo directos e indirectos generados producto de la operación del Puerto.
Se visualizan los ingresos generados en el INCOP por medio de la recaudación de los cánones que les son trasladados por las concesionarias de forma trimestral, permitiendo la transferencia de dinero a las municipalidades de Puntarenas y Esparza apoyando proyectos deportivos, educación, recreación y el financiamiento de obras destinadas a la actividad turística con el objetivo de impulsar la reactivación económica de la provincia.
Finalmente, de acuerdo con la investigación realizada y los resultados obtenidos se concretan las conclusiones y recomendaciones en donde se plasma la transformación del Puerto en uno más eficiente en los servicios brindados, optimización de la productividad en la transferencia de carga, disminución de los tiempos de espera y aumento en la disponibilidad de almacenaje para cargas, favoreciendo su competitividad a nivel regional, con la expectativa del incremento en la generación de empleos, aumento en los ingresos y consecuentemente en los cánones percibidos por el INCOP.
Maritime transport is the most used for the exchange of goods worldwide, for this reason, seaports are transcendental, to achieve optimal competitiveness, the continuous execution of investments in infrastructure, machinery and trained personnel that allows the attention of ships efficiently. Puerto Caldera is the main port on the Pacific coast of the country, therefore, in response to the high demand in services, the modernization of infrastructure and equipment, required to efficiently serve users, in 2001 the Instituto Costarricense de Puertos del Pacífico, (2016) made the decision to concession the Port to a private company, so the bidding process was carried out, in which three companies were awarded that would be in charge of modernizing, competing, attracting greater investments and adapt to the commercial demands to which the country was exposed. According to data from the Instituto Costarricense de Puertos del Pacífico (2017), by the end of 2005, Puerto Caldera was moving an average of 300 to 400 tons of bulk per hour, while in 2016 these quantities grew, by moving an average load of 890 tons per hour, becoming an increase of around 125%, after the start of operations at the Grain Terminal in 2015. Parallel to the increase in the productivity of the Port, the income corresponding to the canon paid by the concessionaires increased, translating into an increase in tax collection for the province and in job creation, which naturally must increase to ensure the continuity and efficiency of the services provided. This research will focus specifically on visualizing the contribution of the Puerto Caldera Terminal to the economic development of the province of Puntarenas in terms of tax collection and job creation. The direct and indirect employment originating from the concessionaires will be analyzed, managing to visualize that the impact on the reduction of unemployment in the province is low, considering the direct and indirect jobs generated as a result of the operation of the Port. The income generated in the INCOP is displayed through the collection of royalties that are transferred to them by the concessionaires on a quarterly basis, allowing the transfer of money to the municipalities of Puntarenas and Esparza supporting sports projects, education, recreation, and financing of works destined to the tourist activity with the aim of promoting the economic reactivation of the province. Finally, according to the research carried out and the results obtained, the conclusions and recommendations are specified in which the transformation of the Port into a more efficient one is reflected in the services provided, optimization of productivity in cargo transfer, reduction of delivery times. wait and increase in the availability of storage for cargo, favoring its competitiveness at the regional level, with the expectation of an increase in the generation of jobs, an increase in income and consequently in the fees received by the INCOP.
Maritime transport is the most used for the exchange of goods worldwide, for this reason, seaports are transcendental, to achieve optimal competitiveness, the continuous execution of investments in infrastructure, machinery and trained personnel that allows the attention of ships efficiently. Puerto Caldera is the main port on the Pacific coast of the country, therefore, in response to the high demand in services, the modernization of infrastructure and equipment, required to efficiently serve users, in 2001 the Instituto Costarricense de Puertos del Pacífico, (2016) made the decision to concession the Port to a private company, so the bidding process was carried out, in which three companies were awarded that would be in charge of modernizing, competing, attracting greater investments and adapt to the commercial demands to which the country was exposed. According to data from the Instituto Costarricense de Puertos del Pacífico (2017), by the end of 2005, Puerto Caldera was moving an average of 300 to 400 tons of bulk per hour, while in 2016 these quantities grew, by moving an average load of 890 tons per hour, becoming an increase of around 125%, after the start of operations at the Grain Terminal in 2015. Parallel to the increase in the productivity of the Port, the income corresponding to the canon paid by the concessionaires increased, translating into an increase in tax collection for the province and in job creation, which naturally must increase to ensure the continuity and efficiency of the services provided. This research will focus specifically on visualizing the contribution of the Puerto Caldera Terminal to the economic development of the province of Puntarenas in terms of tax collection and job creation. The direct and indirect employment originating from the concessionaires will be analyzed, managing to visualize that the impact on the reduction of unemployment in the province is low, considering the direct and indirect jobs generated as a result of the operation of the Port. The income generated in the INCOP is displayed through the collection of royalties that are transferred to them by the concessionaires on a quarterly basis, allowing the transfer of money to the municipalities of Puntarenas and Esparza supporting sports projects, education, recreation, and financing of works destined to the tourist activity with the aim of promoting the economic reactivation of the province. Finally, according to the research carried out and the results obtained, the conclusions and recommendations are specified in which the transformation of the Port into a more efficient one is reflected in the services provided, optimization of productivity in cargo transfer, reduction of delivery times. wait and increase in the availability of storage for cargo, favoring its competitiveness at the regional level, with the expectation of an increase in the generation of jobs, an increase in income and consequently in the fees received by the INCOP.
Descripción
Palabras clave
INCOP, CALDERA (PUNTARENAS, C.R.), TRANSPORTE MARÍTIMO, PUERTOS, PORTS, MARITIME TRASNPORT, DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EMPLEO, EMPLOYMENT, CONCESIONES, CONCESSIONS, RECAUDACIÓN DE IMPUESTOS, TAX COLLECTION