Prevalencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en bovinos cebú en explotaciones de ganado de cría en Costa Rica: estudio preliminar.
Fecha
2020
Autores
Vargas Muñoz, Mariana
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La ganadería de producción de carne es una de las principales actividades económicas del país
y las infecciones gastrointestinales causadas por parásitos pueden representar pérdidas
importantes afectando la salud animal y pública. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la
presencia, frecuencia y carga parasitaria de parásitos gastrointestinales en bovinos cebú de
cría de Costa Rica, para lo cual se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo desde enero del
2019 hasta setiembre del 2019 en 2544 bovinos cebú de cría de Costa Rica distribuido en 15
explotaciones a lo largo del territorio del país. A cada animal se le tomó una muestra de heces
directamente del recto, la cual se identificó y se transportó a 4°C al laboratorio de Parasitología
de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria (EMV) de la Universidad Nacional (UNA) donde se le
realizó la prueba de Sheather, sedimentación y Mc Master, además de un coprocultivo por
finca. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con Infostat ver. 2017p y Jamovi 1.1.5.0., donde se
calculó las frecuencias de las variables y el valor de p con la prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson.
Los parásitos pertenecientes al Orden Strongylida o estrongílidos (79.6%) y Coccidios (62.2%)
fueron los más prevalentes, seguido por Buxtonella sulcata (30.7%) y Strongyloidessp. (10.8%).
Los menos prevalentes fueron Capillaria spp. (0.4%) y Neoascaris vitulorum (0.3%). De los
estrongílidos el más prevalente fue Haemonchus spp. (79.07%), seguido por Cooperia spp.
(8.14%); y los menos prevalentes Chabertia spp. (0.21%) y Nematodirus spp. (0.15%). Además,
se evalúo la relación de la prevalencia con diversos factores por medio de la prueba de Chi
cuadrado de Pearson (valor de p <0.001) siendo los factores de mayor importancia la edad
(terneros y añojos), sexo (machos), época del año (lluviosa) y establecimiento de un protocolo
de desparasitación bajo supervisión de un médico veterinario. Si se realiza un manejo
adecuado de estos se puede obtener mejoras significativas en los sistemas de producción.
Livestock production of meat is one of the main economic activities of the country and gastrointestinal infections caused by parasites can indicate significant losses that affect animal and public health. The aim of the present investigation was to determinate the presence, frequency and parasite charge of gastrointestinal parasites in zebu cattle of Costa Rica. For wich a cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out from January 2019 to September 2019. Samples from 2544 cattle in 15 farms distributed throughout the territory of Costa Rica. Each animal is requested a stool sample directly from the rectum, which was identified and transported at 4°C to the parasitology laboratory of the Veterinary School (EMV) from National University (UNA) where the Sheather, sedimentation and Mc Master test was performed, in addition to a coproculture by farm. The data are analyzed with Infostat ver. 2017p and Jamovi 1.1.5.0., where the frequencies of the variables and the p-value were calculated with Pearson’s Chi-square test. In the samples analyzed, a great variety of parasites such as Order Strongylida (79.6%) and Coccidia (62.2%) were found to be the most prevalent, followed by Buxtonella sulcata (30.7%) and Strongyloides sp. (10.8%). The least prevalent were Capillaria spp. (0.4%) and Neoascaris vitulorum (0.3%). Of the Strongylida order, the most prevalent was Haemonchus spp. (79.07%); followed by Cooperia spp. (8.14%); and the least prevalent were Chabertia spp. (0.21%) and Nemaatodirus spp. (0.15%). In addition, the prevalence relationship with various factors is evaluated with Pearson’s Chi-square test (p-value <0.001) being age (calf and yearling), gender (male), time of year (rainy) and establishment of a deworming protocol under the supervision of a veterinarian of greater importance. If proper management of these is carried out, significant improvements in the production systems can be obtained.
Livestock production of meat is one of the main economic activities of the country and gastrointestinal infections caused by parasites can indicate significant losses that affect animal and public health. The aim of the present investigation was to determinate the presence, frequency and parasite charge of gastrointestinal parasites in zebu cattle of Costa Rica. For wich a cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out from January 2019 to September 2019. Samples from 2544 cattle in 15 farms distributed throughout the territory of Costa Rica. Each animal is requested a stool sample directly from the rectum, which was identified and transported at 4°C to the parasitology laboratory of the Veterinary School (EMV) from National University (UNA) where the Sheather, sedimentation and Mc Master test was performed, in addition to a coproculture by farm. The data are analyzed with Infostat ver. 2017p and Jamovi 1.1.5.0., where the frequencies of the variables and the p-value were calculated with Pearson’s Chi-square test. In the samples analyzed, a great variety of parasites such as Order Strongylida (79.6%) and Coccidia (62.2%) were found to be the most prevalent, followed by Buxtonella sulcata (30.7%) and Strongyloides sp. (10.8%). The least prevalent were Capillaria spp. (0.4%) and Neoascaris vitulorum (0.3%). Of the Strongylida order, the most prevalent was Haemonchus spp. (79.07%); followed by Cooperia spp. (8.14%); and the least prevalent were Chabertia spp. (0.21%) and Nemaatodirus spp. (0.15%). In addition, the prevalence relationship with various factors is evaluated with Pearson’s Chi-square test (p-value <0.001) being age (calf and yearling), gender (male), time of year (rainy) and establishment of a deworming protocol under the supervision of a veterinarian of greater importance. If proper management of these is carried out, significant improvements in the production systems can be obtained.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CEBU, GANADO BOVINO, PARASITOLOGÍA VETERINARIA, DIAGNOSTICO DE LABORATORIO (MEDICINA VETERINARIA), SALUD PÚBLICA, COSTA RICA, SALUD ANIMAL, BEEF CATTLE, VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY