Aspectos biológicos de una especie introducida de pez diablo Hypostomus sp. (Loricaiidae), en el sureste del Lago de Nicaragua
Fecha
2019
Autores
Tisseaux Navarro, Alexandre
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Las especies invasoras desafían la conservación de la diversidad biológica y también pueden
generar grandes impactos ecológicos. Los peces diablo fueron introducidos al Lago de Nicaragua, los cuales han ocasionado graves problemas en las redes a los pecadores locales y asocian la aparición de esta especie con la disminución de especies de interés comercial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar algunos aspectos biológicos pesqueros de una especie introducida de la familia Loricariidae en el sureste del Lago de Nicaragua, que contribuyan a establecer estrategias efectivas de control de estas poblaciones. Se realizaron capturas mensuales de peces entre julio del 2017 y junio del 2018, mediante redes agalleras y atarraya en dos sitios del sureste del Lago de Nicaragua; el sitio A, localizado lejos de la costa y el B cercano a la costa del lago. Los ejemplares de Hypostomus sp. fueron pesados, medidos y se les extrajo las gónadas para determinar su sexo, pesarlas y calcular el IGS. Además, se
determinó su abundancia relativa, peso relativo, parámetros de crecimiento, tasas de mortalidad y el estado de explotación de la población. Para establecer un período donde fuese más efectivo la extracción de organismos de la especie introducida se formuló el Índice de optimización de captura (IOC), el cual es el promedio de la normalización de los valores obtenidos cada mes de la abundancia relativa, número de hembras por macho y el IGS. Además, cada mes se midió la temperatura superficial y la profundidad en ambos sitios. La abundancia relativa y peso relativo de Hypostomus sp. fueron altos donde la profundidad fue mayor. En cuanto a los parámetros de crecimiento se obtuvieron valores que exhiben un crecimiento relativamente lento (L∞=39.66, K=0.28; ∅’=2.67); la tasa de mortalidad por pesca fue baja, y el índice de explotación refleja una población subexplotada. La especie exhibe un período reproductivo extendido, sin embargo, el número de hembras varió a lo largo del año. El valor del IOC determinó que los meses en los que conviene concentrar esfuerzos de captura son setiembre y octubre. Darle un valor a este recurso subexplotado sería la acción más importante para el manejo de esta especie, esto podría ser fomentando el consumo local o su uso en la elaboración de productos como la harina de pescado. Además de incentivar a los pescadores que concentren sus capturas en sitios profundos durante los meses lluviosos, para de esta forma obtener una mayor captura de la especie introducida, controlando el tamaño de la población, y afectando al mínimo las demás especies.
Invasive species challenge the conservation of biological diversity and can also generate large ecological impacts. Devil fish were introduced to Lake Nicaragua, which have caused serious problems in the networks for local sinners and associate the appearance of this species with the decrease in species of commercial interest. The objective of this work was to determine some fishing biological aspects of an introduced species of the Loricariidae family in the southeast of Lake Nicaragua, which contribute to establishing effective control strategies for these populations. Monthly fish catches were made between July 2017 and June 2018, using gillnets and cast nets in two sites in the southeast of Lake Nicaragua; site A, located far from the shore and site B near the shore of the lake. The specimens of Hypostomus sp. they were weighed, measured and the gonads were extracted to determine their sex, weigh them and calculate the IGS. In addition, its relative abundance, relative weight, growth parameters, mortality rates and the state of exploitation of the population were determined. To establish a period where the extraction of organisms of the introduced species would be more effective, the Capture Optimization Index (IOC) was formulated, which is the average of the normalization of the values obtained each month of the relative abundance, number of females per male and the IGS. In addition, each month the surface temperature and depth were measured at both sites. The relative abundance and relative weight of Hypostomus sp. they were high where the depth was greatest. Regarding the growth parameters, values were obtained that exhibit relatively slow growth (L∞ = 39.66, K = 0.28; ∅ ’= 2.67); the fishing mortality rate was low, and the exploitation index reflects an underexploited stock. The species exhibits an extended reproductive period, however the number of females varied throughout the year. The value of the IOC determined that the months in which it is convenient to concentrate capture efforts are September and October. Giving a value to this underexploited resource would be the most important action for the management of this species, this could be promoting local consumption or its use in the production of products such as fishmeal. In addition to encouraging fishermen to concentrate their catches in deep places during the rainy months, in order to obtain a greater catch of the introduced species, controlling the size of the population, and minimizing the other species.
Invasive species challenge the conservation of biological diversity and can also generate large ecological impacts. Devil fish were introduced to Lake Nicaragua, which have caused serious problems in the networks for local sinners and associate the appearance of this species with the decrease in species of commercial interest. The objective of this work was to determine some fishing biological aspects of an introduced species of the Loricariidae family in the southeast of Lake Nicaragua, which contribute to establishing effective control strategies for these populations. Monthly fish catches were made between July 2017 and June 2018, using gillnets and cast nets in two sites in the southeast of Lake Nicaragua; site A, located far from the shore and site B near the shore of the lake. The specimens of Hypostomus sp. they were weighed, measured and the gonads were extracted to determine their sex, weigh them and calculate the IGS. In addition, its relative abundance, relative weight, growth parameters, mortality rates and the state of exploitation of the population were determined. To establish a period where the extraction of organisms of the introduced species would be more effective, the Capture Optimization Index (IOC) was formulated, which is the average of the normalization of the values obtained each month of the relative abundance, number of females per male and the IGS. In addition, each month the surface temperature and depth were measured at both sites. The relative abundance and relative weight of Hypostomus sp. they were high where the depth was greatest. Regarding the growth parameters, values were obtained that exhibit relatively slow growth (L∞ = 39.66, K = 0.28; ∅ ’= 2.67); the fishing mortality rate was low, and the exploitation index reflects an underexploited stock. The species exhibits an extended reproductive period, however the number of females varied throughout the year. The value of the IOC determined that the months in which it is convenient to concentrate capture efforts are September and October. Giving a value to this underexploited resource would be the most important action for the management of this species, this could be promoting local consumption or its use in the production of products such as fishmeal. In addition to encouraging fishermen to concentrate their catches in deep places during the rainy months, in order to obtain a greater catch of the introduced species, controlling the size of the population, and minimizing the other species.
Descripción
Tisseaux Navarro, A. (2019). Aspectos biológicos de una especie introducida de pez diablo Hypostomus sp. (Loricaiidae), en el sureste del Lago de Nicaragua. (Tesis de Licenciatura). Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
ESPECIES INTRODUCIDAS, PECES DE AGUA DULCE, ECOSISTEMAS, HYPOSTOMUS SP. (LORICAIIDAE), FRESHWATER FISH, ECOSYSTEMS, INVASIVE SPECIES