Obtención de madera plástica a partir de desechos plásticos post-consumo y mezcla de resinas vírgenes
Archivos
Fecha
2011-04
Autores
Carranza Jiménez, Yerling
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El reciclaje de los productos plásticos es importante para la disminución de desperdicios; su procesamiento y evaluación de propiedades determinarán las posibles aplicaciones. A nivel mundial, diversas empresas han comenzado a desarrollar diversos productos elaborados con materiales reciclados, entre estos productos se puede nombrar la madera plástica, con esto se logra dar nuevas alternativas utilizando materiales considerados como desechos.
El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el impacto que tiene el agregar un agente químico compatibilizante (anhídrido maleico en presencia de peróxido de benzoilo), en las propiedades físicas y químicas de un material que se obtiene a partir de desechos plásticos post-consumo. Los materiales plásticos post-consumo que se utilizaron para la realización de este frabajo fueron el polietileno de alta densidad (H)PE) y polipropileno (PP), suministrados por "Gente reciclado" (una empresa dedicada al tratamiento de materiales de desecho que posteriormente son reciclados), para luego caracterizarlos aplicando el análisis térmico de calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC) para la identificación de los mismos.
Se evalúan mezclas entre compuestos de características similares, éstas se obtienen a través de una etapa de mezclado en una extrusora de tornillo simple, con el fin de distribuir el C0mpatibilizante en las dos resinas poliolefinicas. Para evaluar las propiedades mecánicas se obtuvieron probetas por medio de moldeo por compresión de las mezclas extruidas.
Los resultados obtenidos de este trabajo indican que al comparar las mezclas (utilizando un compatibilizante para mejorar las características del material), para la prueba de flexión el mejor resultado obtenido fue el que tiene mayor porcentaje de polipropileno, por otro lado para las pruebas de tensión los mejores resultados se lograron en las mezclas con mayor porcentaje de polietileno de alta densidad. Los resultados confirman que es viable aprovechar los plásticos post consumo pueden utilizarse en aplicaciones de productos comerciales a partir de madera plástica.
The recycling of plastic products is important to reduce waste; its processing and evaluation of properties will determine the possible applications. Worldwide, various companies have begun to develop various products made with recycled materials, among these products we can name plastic wood, with this it is possible to give new alternatives using materials considered as waste. The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of adding a compatibilizing chemical agent (maleic anhydride in the presence of benzoyl peroxide) on the physical and chemical properties of a material obtained from post-consumer plastic waste. The post-consumer plastic materials that were used to carry out this work were high-density polyethylene (H)PE) and polypropylene (PP), supplied by "Recycled People" (a company dedicated to the treatment of waste materials that later are recycled), to then characterize them by applying the thermal analysis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for their identification. Mixtures between compounds with similar characteristics are evaluated, these are obtained through a mixing stage in a single screw extruder, in order to distribute the Compatibilizer in the two polyolefinic resins. To evaluate the mechanical properties, specimens were obtained by means of compression molding of the extruded mixtures. The results obtained from this work indicate that when comparing the mixtures (using a compatibilizer to improve the characteristics of the material), for the bending test the best result obtained was the one with the highest percentage of polypropylene, on the other hand for the tension tests. the best results were achieved in the mixtures with the highest percentage of high-density polyethylene. The results confirm that it is feasible to take advantage of post-consumer plastics can be used in applications of commercial products from plastic wood.
The recycling of plastic products is important to reduce waste; its processing and evaluation of properties will determine the possible applications. Worldwide, various companies have begun to develop various products made with recycled materials, among these products we can name plastic wood, with this it is possible to give new alternatives using materials considered as waste. The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of adding a compatibilizing chemical agent (maleic anhydride in the presence of benzoyl peroxide) on the physical and chemical properties of a material obtained from post-consumer plastic waste. The post-consumer plastic materials that were used to carry out this work were high-density polyethylene (H)PE) and polypropylene (PP), supplied by "Recycled People" (a company dedicated to the treatment of waste materials that later are recycled), to then characterize them by applying the thermal analysis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for their identification. Mixtures between compounds with similar characteristics are evaluated, these are obtained through a mixing stage in a single screw extruder, in order to distribute the Compatibilizer in the two polyolefinic resins. To evaluate the mechanical properties, specimens were obtained by means of compression molding of the extruded mixtures. The results obtained from this work indicate that when comparing the mixtures (using a compatibilizer to improve the characteristics of the material), for the bending test the best result obtained was the one with the highest percentage of polypropylene, on the other hand for the tension tests. the best results were achieved in the mixtures with the highest percentage of high-density polyethylene. The results confirm that it is feasible to take advantage of post-consumer plastics can be used in applications of commercial products from plastic wood.
Descripción
Carranza Jiménez, Y. (2011). Obtención de madera plástica a partir de desechos plásticos post-consumo y mezcla de resinas vírgenes. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
PLASTICOS, PLASTICS, DESECHOS, PROPIEDADES FISICAS, CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, PROPIEDADES QUIMICAS, POLIMEROS, INDUSTRIA DEL PLASTICO, RECICLAJE