Obtención de soportes tridimensionales para el crecimiento celular de fibroblastos utilizando quitosano y colágeno provenientes de las actividades pesqueras y acuícolas
Fecha
2009-12
Autores
Ramos Madrigal, Maikol
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La actividad pesquera y acuícola en Costa Rica es uno de los más importantes sectores generadores de ingresos de nuestro país. Ambos sectores han venido presentando incrementos en su producción debido a su demanda en los últimos años. Dentro del área acuícola la producción de tilapia ha sido la de mayor relevancia tanto en el mercado internacional como en el nacional, paralelo a ello, el sector pesquero se encuentra representado por una amplia gama de especies, siendo el camarón fidel y camello los de mayor demanda, con cifras de hasta 459 638 kg y 211 485 kg durante el 2006, respectivamente.
Consecuentemente, el aumento de la creciente demanda significa que la generación de desechos por este tipo de actividad va en aumento, formando parte de un problema que requiere de nuevas opciones para su remediación. Este trabajo de investigación surge como una alternativa ante la posible remediación de los diferentes desechos pesqueros y acuícolas que se generan a lo largo del procesamiento del camarón y la tilapia. La idea es proponer una solución que potencialice el uso de este tipo de desechos para dar un mayor valor agregado a los subproductos que se puedan generar a partir de los mismos.
En este trabajo se plantea el uso de la piel de tilapia de la especie Oreochromis sp como una fuente importante para la obtención de colágeno, subproducto que se obtiene a partir de los desechos acuícolas generados por este tipo de actividad. Del mismo modo, la cáscara de camarón es un desecho pesquero que se genera a partir de la captura del camarón de la especie Heterocarpus vicarius, del cual se obtiene quitosano como un subproducto de la quitina, este último es un compuesto que constituye la mayor parte de la cáscara de camarón. Los diferentes métodos que se emplean para la obtención y síntesis de este tipo de biomateriales, ha permitido plantear una alternativa promisoria para su uso potencial en aplicaciones en ingeniería de tejidos.
En este trabajo se desarrollaron soportes 3D de colágeno y quitosano empleando una relación de 800/0-20 0/0, siendo ésta la relación más apropiada que provee al soporte una mayor biocompatibilidad ambos biopolímeros.
Para la creación de los soportes 3D se emplearon diferentes agentes porógenos como factor determinante del tamaño del poro. Tomando ésta variable, que permite obtener cambios morfológicos en los soportes 3D de colágeno-quitosano (80-20), se utilizaron concentraciones al 0,0; 0,1 y 0,5 % m/v del agente porógeno con el fin de observar cambios importantes respecto a su concentración. Se utilizaron el cloruro de sodio, sacarosa y glucosa como agentes porógenos.
Las diferentes matrices se sometieron a un riguroso proceso de caracterización física, dentro de las cuales se pueden mencionar la determinación del perfil de grosores, absorción de humedad e hinchamiento; dentro de la caracterización térmica se realizaron estudios de Calorimetría Diferencial de Barrido (DSC) y Análisis Termogavimétricos (TGA); para el estudio de microscopía se realizaron análisis de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM). Este tipo de caracterización se realizó con el fin de dar a conocer un óptimo proceso de obtención de soportes tridimensionales (31)) como parte fundamental para su evaluación y aplicación en el área de ingeniería de tejidos.
Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la metodología de obtención de soportes 3D con el uso de un agente porógeno es un proceso factible que genera un producto con propiedades similares a los sustitutos dérmicos de origen comercial.
The fishing and aquaculture activity in Costa Rica is one of the most important sectors that generate income in our country. Both sectors have been presenting increases in their production due to their demand in recent years. Within the aquaculture area, tilapia production has been the most relevant both in the international and national markets, parallel to this, the fishing sector is represented by a wide range of species, with fidel and camel shrimp being the most demand, with figures of up to 459,638 kg and 211,485 kg during 2006, respectively. Consequently, the increase in the growing demand means that the generation of waste from this type of activity is increasing, forming part of a problem that requires new options for its remediation. This research work arises as an alternative to the possible remediation of the different fishing and aquaculture wastes that are generated throughout the processing of shrimp and tilapia. The idea is to propose a solution that enhances the use of this type of waste to give greater added value to the by-products that can be generated from them. In this work, the use of tilapia skin of the Oreochromis sp species is proposed as an important source for obtaining collagen, a by-product obtained from aquaculture waste generated by this type of activity. In the same way, the shrimp shell is a fishing waste that is generated from the capture of the shrimp of the species Heterocarpus vicarius, from which chitosan is obtained as a byproduct of chitin, the latter is a compound that constitutes the majority of the fish. of the shrimp shell. The different methods used to obtain and synthesize this type of biomaterials have allowed us to propose a promising alternative for its potential use in tissue engineering applications. In this work, 3D collagen and chitosan supports were developed using a ratio of 800/0-20 0/0, this being the most appropriate ratio that provides the support with greater biocompatibility for both biopolymers. For the creation of the 3D supports, different porogenic agents were used as a determining factor of the pore size. Taking this variable, which allows obtaining morphological changes in the 3D collagen-chitosan (80-20) supports, 0.0 concentrations were used; 0.1 and 0.5% m/v of the porogenic agent in order to observe important changes with respect to its concentration. Sodium chloride, sucrose and glucose were used as porogens. The different matrices were subjected to a rigorous physical characterization process, among which we can mention the determination of the thickness profile, moisture absorption and swelling; Within the thermal characterization, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogavimetric Analysis (TGA) studies were carried out; for the microscopy study, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyzes were performed. This type of characterization was carried out in order to present an optimal process for obtaining three-dimensional supports (31)) as a fundamental part for its evaluation and application in the area of tissue engineering. The results obtained demonstrated that the methodology for obtaining 3D supports with the use of a porogenic agent is a feasible process that generates a product with properties similar to those of commercial skin substitutes.
The fishing and aquaculture activity in Costa Rica is one of the most important sectors that generate income in our country. Both sectors have been presenting increases in their production due to their demand in recent years. Within the aquaculture area, tilapia production has been the most relevant both in the international and national markets, parallel to this, the fishing sector is represented by a wide range of species, with fidel and camel shrimp being the most demand, with figures of up to 459,638 kg and 211,485 kg during 2006, respectively. Consequently, the increase in the growing demand means that the generation of waste from this type of activity is increasing, forming part of a problem that requires new options for its remediation. This research work arises as an alternative to the possible remediation of the different fishing and aquaculture wastes that are generated throughout the processing of shrimp and tilapia. The idea is to propose a solution that enhances the use of this type of waste to give greater added value to the by-products that can be generated from them. In this work, the use of tilapia skin of the Oreochromis sp species is proposed as an important source for obtaining collagen, a by-product obtained from aquaculture waste generated by this type of activity. In the same way, the shrimp shell is a fishing waste that is generated from the capture of the shrimp of the species Heterocarpus vicarius, from which chitosan is obtained as a byproduct of chitin, the latter is a compound that constitutes the majority of the fish. of the shrimp shell. The different methods used to obtain and synthesize this type of biomaterials have allowed us to propose a promising alternative for its potential use in tissue engineering applications. In this work, 3D collagen and chitosan supports were developed using a ratio of 800/0-20 0/0, this being the most appropriate ratio that provides the support with greater biocompatibility for both biopolymers. For the creation of the 3D supports, different porogenic agents were used as a determining factor of the pore size. Taking this variable, which allows obtaining morphological changes in the 3D collagen-chitosan (80-20) supports, 0.0 concentrations were used; 0.1 and 0.5% m/v of the porogenic agent in order to observe important changes with respect to its concentration. Sodium chloride, sucrose and glucose were used as porogens. The different matrices were subjected to a rigorous physical characterization process, among which we can mention the determination of the thickness profile, moisture absorption and swelling; Within the thermal characterization, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogavimetric Analysis (TGA) studies were carried out; for the microscopy study, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyzes were performed. This type of characterization was carried out in order to present an optimal process for obtaining three-dimensional supports (31)) as a fundamental part for its evaluation and application in the area of tissue engineering. The results obtained demonstrated that the methodology for obtaining 3D supports with the use of a porogenic agent is a feasible process that generates a product with properties similar to those of commercial skin substitutes.
Descripción
Ramos Madrigal, M. (2009). Obtención de soportes tridimensionales para el crecimiento celular de fibroblastos utilizando quitosano y colágeno provenientes de las actividades pesqueras y acuícolas. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
CAMARON DE MAR, SEA SHRIMP, TILAPIA, QUITOSANO, CHITOSAN, COLAGENO, ACUICULTURA