"Modelación hidrológica e hidráulica para identificar el riesgo de inundación y propuesta de medidas de mitigación ante eventuales daños por desbordamiento en un tramo del río Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica".
Fecha
2023-02
Autores
Zúñiga Fernández, Luis Esteban
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, Campus Liberia
Resumen
El estudio fue orientado a un análisis hidrológico e hidráulico en un tramo de la subcuenca del río
Liberia, Guanacaste, debido a que su respuesta hidrológica ha dado como resultado afectaciones
en la zona urbana. A partir del uso de QGIS se delimitó la subcuenca hasta los puntos de aforo
1, 2 y 3 y se caracterizó morfológicamente; siendo una cuenca suspicaz a inundaciones. Así
mismo, se realizó un análisis de precipitación en donde se encontró diferencias importantes entre
el método sintético bloque alterno con ajuste y sin ajuste en comparación a la aproximación de
un hietograma característico empleando la distribución porcentual de la estación Pavas y valores
de lluvia de la estación Aeropuerto de Liberia y Hacienda Guachipelín; se utilizó el resultado de
ambos métodos de cara a tener un análisis de sensibilidad. Los datos del comportamiento de la
lluvia en el tiempo se introdujeron en el programa HEC-HMS para periodos de retorno de 5 y 100
años dando como resultado caudales que van desde los 140.879 m3/s hasta los 502.524 m3/s
según punto de aforo, periodo de retorno y modelado de lluvia correspondiente.
Debido a que se completó tanto la información hidrológica como hidráulica únicamente del punto
de aforo 1, solo a este se le realizó ambos análisis. Para ello se utilizó caudales máximos de
140.879 m3/s, 170.808 m3/s y 232.862 m3/s correspondiente al periodo de retorno de 5 años y 3
modelados de lluvia respectivamente mientras que el periodo de retorno de 100 años la
modelación hidráulica se basó en caudales de 275.298 m3/s, 326.165 m3/s y 489.259 m3/s.
Finalmente, con base en la información hidrológica e hidráulica se proponen algunas medidas
mitigación como lo es el aumento de la altura del dique existente a 0.41 m, 0.86 m y 2.60 m según
modelado de lluvia 1, 2 y 3 respectivamente. Así mismo se abordó aspectos como la
instrumentación de la cuenca en el tema de hidrometría, reforestación, alturas de desfogue
pluvial, remoción periódica de sólidos dentro del cauce entre otras labores que pueden resultar
en la mitigación de afectaciones por posibles desbordamientos del río a futuro.
This study was focusedonan hydrological and hydraulic analysis in a section of the subbasin of the Liberia river, Guanacaste, due to the fact that its hydrological response has resulted in affectations in the urban area. Based on the use of QGIS program, the sub-basin was delimited up to gauging points 1, 2 and 3 and it was characterized morphologically; being a basin suspicious to floods. Likewise, a precipitation analysis was carried out where important differences were found between the synthetic alternate block method with adjustment and without adjustment compared to the approximation of a characteristic hyetograph using the percentage distribution of the Pavas station and rainfall values of the station. Liberia Airport and Hacienda Guachipelín; the result of both methods was used in order to have a sensitivity analysis. The data on the behavior of rain over time were entered into the HEC-HMS program for return periods of 5 and 100 years, resulting in flows ranging from 140,879 m3/s to 502,524 m3/s depending on the gauging point. return period and corresponding rainfall modeling. Due to the fact that both the hydrological and hydraulic information was completed only for gauging point 1, both analyzes were carried out only at this point. For this, maximum flows of 140,879 m3/s, 170,808 m3/s and 232,862 m3/s were used, corresponding to the return period of 5 years and 3 rain modeling respectively, while the return period of 100 years, the hydraulic modeling was based on flows. of 275,298 m3/s, 326,165 m3/s and 489,259 m3/s. Finally, based on the hydrological and hydraulic information, some mitigation measures are proposed, such as increasing the height of the existing dike to 0.41 m, 0.86 m, and 2.60 m according to rainfall modeling 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Likewise, aspects such as the instrumentation of the basin on the subject of hydrometry, reforestation, heights of pluvial discharge, periodic removal of solids within the channel, among other tasks that may result in the mitigation of effects due to possible overflows of the river in the future, were addressed
This study was focusedonan hydrological and hydraulic analysis in a section of the subbasin of the Liberia river, Guanacaste, due to the fact that its hydrological response has resulted in affectations in the urban area. Based on the use of QGIS program, the sub-basin was delimited up to gauging points 1, 2 and 3 and it was characterized morphologically; being a basin suspicious to floods. Likewise, a precipitation analysis was carried out where important differences were found between the synthetic alternate block method with adjustment and without adjustment compared to the approximation of a characteristic hyetograph using the percentage distribution of the Pavas station and rainfall values of the station. Liberia Airport and Hacienda Guachipelín; the result of both methods was used in order to have a sensitivity analysis. The data on the behavior of rain over time were entered into the HEC-HMS program for return periods of 5 and 100 years, resulting in flows ranging from 140,879 m3/s to 502,524 m3/s depending on the gauging point. return period and corresponding rainfall modeling. Due to the fact that both the hydrological and hydraulic information was completed only for gauging point 1, both analyzes were carried out only at this point. For this, maximum flows of 140,879 m3/s, 170,808 m3/s and 232,862 m3/s were used, corresponding to the return period of 5 years and 3 rain modeling respectively, while the return period of 100 years, the hydraulic modeling was based on flows. of 275,298 m3/s, 326,165 m3/s and 489,259 m3/s. Finally, based on the hydrological and hydraulic information, some mitigation measures are proposed, such as increasing the height of the existing dike to 0.41 m, 0.86 m, and 2.60 m according to rainfall modeling 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Likewise, aspects such as the instrumentation of the basin on the subject of hydrometry, reforestation, heights of pluvial discharge, periodic removal of solids within the channel, among other tasks that may result in the mitigation of effects due to possible overflows of the river in the future, were addressed
Descripción
Palabras clave
HIDROLOGIA, HIDRÁULICA, INUNDACIONES, RIOS, LIBERIA (GUANACASTE), GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA), HYDROLOGY, HYDRAULICS, FLOODING, RIVERS