Seroprevalencia de Piroplasmosis equina en caballos mantenidos en cuadra y caballos destinados a matadero en Costa Rica
Fecha
2012-01-19
Autores
Vega Bolaños, Cinthya Alexandra
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El propósito de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de la piroplasmosis equina en
los caballos mantenidos en cuadra y destinados a matadero en Costa Rica. Los niveles de
anticuerpos a Babesia caballi y Theileria equi fueron evaluados, con una prueba comercial
de c-ELISA a 149 caballos mantenidos en cuadra aparentemente sanos y 51 caballos
destinados a matadero. La piroplasmosis equina es una enfermedad causada por los
protozoarios hemotrópicos T. equi y B. caballi. La babesia destruye los eritrocitos huésped
y provoca fiebre, anemia e ictericia en los caballos infectados. Los parásitos son
generalmente detectables en muestras de sangre sólo durante la fase aguda de la infección.
En contraste, los caballos que se recuperan de la enfermedad siguen siendo portadores de
parásitos, pero solamente son identificados serológicamente. Los anticuerpos contra B.
caballi se encontraron en 66 caballos en cuadra (44,3%) y 40 caballos a matadero (78,4%),
mientras que 70 animales en cuadra (47,0%) y 48 animales a matadero (96,1%) fueron
detectados como seropositivos para T. equi. Además, para el caballo en cuadra, el 28,2%
fueron positivos para ambos agentes, el 16,1% sólo para B. caballi, el 18,8% sólo para T.
equi y el 36,9% fueron negativos para ambos agentes. Para los caballos a matadero, el 76,5%
fueron positivos para ambos agentes, un 2,0% sólo para B. caballi, el 17,6% sólo para T.
equi y el 3,9% fueron negativos para ambos agentes. Se determinó que la tasa de
seroprevalencia a T. equi es igual a la seroprevalencia de B. caballi en caballos de cuadra.
En caballos de matadero la proporción de seroprevalencia a T. equi es mayor que la
seroprevalencia de B. caballi. El número de caballos seropositivos a T. equi, que además
sufrían de bajo hematocrito en caballos en cuadra y de matadero fue de un 45% y a B.
caballi 42%
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of equine piroplasmosis in stable horses and slaughterhouse horses in Costa Rica. The presence of antibodies against Babesia caballi and Theileria equi was found in serum samples obtained from 149 apparently healthy stable horses and 51 slaughterhouse horses raised in different locations in Costa Rica by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Equine piroplasmosis is a disease caused by blood parasites named B. caballi and T. equi. Parasites destroy host erythrocytes and induce fever, anemia, and icterus in infected horses. These parasites are usually detectable in blood smears only during the acute stage of the infection. In contrast, horses that recover from disease continue to be parasite carriers, and these carriers as well as previously exposed animals should be identified serologically. Antibodies for B. caballi were found in 66 stable horses (44.3%) and 40 slaughterhouse horses (78.4%), whereas 70 stable animals (47.0%) and 48 slaughterhouse animals (96.1%) were detected as seropositives to T. equi. In addition, for horse-block, 28.2% were positive for both agents, 16.1% only for B. caballi, 18.8% only for T. equi and 36.9% were negative for both agents. For slaughterhouse horses, 76.5% were positive to both agents, 2.0% only for B. caballi, 17.6% only for T. equi and 3.9% tested negative for both agents. It was determined that the rate of seroprevalence for T. equi is equal to the seroprevalence for B. caballi in stables horse. In the slaughterhouse horses the proportion of seroprevalence for T. equi is higher than the seroprevalence for B. caballi. The number of seropositive horse which also suffered low hematocrit, was 45% for T. equi and 42% for B. caballi.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of equine piroplasmosis in stable horses and slaughterhouse horses in Costa Rica. The presence of antibodies against Babesia caballi and Theileria equi was found in serum samples obtained from 149 apparently healthy stable horses and 51 slaughterhouse horses raised in different locations in Costa Rica by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Equine piroplasmosis is a disease caused by blood parasites named B. caballi and T. equi. Parasites destroy host erythrocytes and induce fever, anemia, and icterus in infected horses. These parasites are usually detectable in blood smears only during the acute stage of the infection. In contrast, horses that recover from disease continue to be parasite carriers, and these carriers as well as previously exposed animals should be identified serologically. Antibodies for B. caballi were found in 66 stable horses (44.3%) and 40 slaughterhouse horses (78.4%), whereas 70 stable animals (47.0%) and 48 slaughterhouse animals (96.1%) were detected as seropositives to T. equi. In addition, for horse-block, 28.2% were positive for both agents, 16.1% only for B. caballi, 18.8% only for T. equi and 36.9% were negative for both agents. For slaughterhouse horses, 76.5% were positive to both agents, 2.0% only for B. caballi, 17.6% only for T. equi and 3.9% tested negative for both agents. It was determined that the rate of seroprevalence for T. equi is equal to the seroprevalence for B. caballi in stables horse. In the slaughterhouse horses the proportion of seroprevalence for T. equi is higher than the seroprevalence for B. caballi. The number of seropositive horse which also suffered low hematocrit, was 45% for T. equi and 42% for B. caballi.
Descripción
Modalidad: Proyecto de Graduación
Palabras clave
CABALLOS, BABEBIOSIS, ESTABLOS, MATADEROS, COSTA RICA