Luchas sociales, cuerpo-territorio: la ocupación de tierras como estrategia de tenencia por un grupo de mujeres de Finca Monterrey en el Cantón de Puerto Jiménez 2016-2025
Fecha
2026-04-14
Autores
Gómez Brenes, Angélica María
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación se centró en analizar cómo el grupo de mujeres de Finca Monterrey, en el cantón de Puerto Jiménez, construyen representaciones sociales a través del vínculo con la tenencia de tierra a partir de la noción de cuerpo-territorio. El estudio parte en describir los vínculos socioafectivos, explicar las representaciones sociales asignadas a la forma de tenencia de tierra e identificar los mecanismos patriarcales discursivos y materiales han imposibilitado históricamente el acceso de las mujeres a la tierra desde la familia, la comunidad, las leyes y el Estado. El abordaje teórico parte del paradigma de las representaciones sociales, la geografía crítica, el feminismo comunitario, la sociología de las emociones y el análisis de la violencia estructural. El estudio adoptó una postura metódica desde la etnografía feminista con la participación siete mujeres, empleando las técnicas de historias de vida, la cartografía corporal y el análisis documental que permitió comprender su realidad en el proceso de lucha en la ocupación de tierras. A partir del análisis, se comprobó que las mujeres llevan una década realizando ocupación de tierra como estrategia para acceder a ella, dado que la mayoría de las participantes no heredarán tierras. No obstante, existen vínculos socioafectivos construidos hacia la tenencia de la tierra, donde los saberes y las prácticas agrícolas fueron heredados por sus núcleos familiares. Por otro lado, las representaciones sociales construidas explican el contexto que las mujeres atraviesan en su situación legal: hay significados asignados, sentido de pertenencia y percepciones sobre la ocupación de tierra marcados por la desigualdad y mecanismos patriarcales discursivos y materiales que limitan el acceso a la tierra. La investigación contribuye a comprender cómo las mujeres rurales construyen representaciones sociales desde el cuerpo-territorio según sus formas de tenencia, visibilizando las dimensiones simbólicas, afectivas y políticas de la ocupación. Esto tiene implicaciones para repensar políticas de tierra que reconozcan las desigualdades estructurales y los saberes de las mujeres.
This research focused on analyzing how the women of Finca Monterrey, in the canton of Puerto Jiménez, construct social representations through their connection to land tenure, based on the notion of body-territory. The study begins by describing the socio-affective bonds, explaining the social representations assigned to the form of land tenure, and identifying the patriarchal discursive and material mechanisms that have historically prevented women's access to land from the perspective of family, community, laws, and the State. The theoretical approach draws on the paradigm of social representations, critical geography, community feminism, the sociology of emotions, and the analysis of structural violence. The study adopted a methodological approach based on feminist ethnography, with the participation of seven women, employing life history techniques, body mapping, and document analysis, which allowed for an understanding of their reality within the process of struggle for land occupation. The analysis revealed that women have been occupying land for a decade as a strategy to access it, given that most participants will not inherit land. However, they have developed strong socio-affective ties to land ownership, where agricultural knowledge and practices were passed down through their families. Furthermore, the social representations they construct explain the context of their legal situation: assigned meanings, a sense of belonging, and perceptions of land occupation are marked by inequality and patriarchal discursive and material mechanisms that limit their access to land. This research contributes to understanding how rural women construct social representations from the perspective of their bodies and territories according to their forms of land tenure, highlighting the symbolic, affective, and political dimensions of occupation. This has implications for rethinking land policies that recognize structural inequalities and women's knowledge.
This research focused on analyzing how the women of Finca Monterrey, in the canton of Puerto Jiménez, construct social representations through their connection to land tenure, based on the notion of body-territory. The study begins by describing the socio-affective bonds, explaining the social representations assigned to the form of land tenure, and identifying the patriarchal discursive and material mechanisms that have historically prevented women's access to land from the perspective of family, community, laws, and the State. The theoretical approach draws on the paradigm of social representations, critical geography, community feminism, the sociology of emotions, and the analysis of structural violence. The study adopted a methodological approach based on feminist ethnography, with the participation of seven women, employing life history techniques, body mapping, and document analysis, which allowed for an understanding of their reality within the process of struggle for land occupation. The analysis revealed that women have been occupying land for a decade as a strategy to access it, given that most participants will not inherit land. However, they have developed strong socio-affective ties to land ownership, where agricultural knowledge and practices were passed down through their families. Furthermore, the social representations they construct explain the context of their legal situation: assigned meanings, a sense of belonging, and perceptions of land occupation are marked by inequality and patriarchal discursive and material mechanisms that limit their access to land. This research contributes to understanding how rural women construct social representations from the perspective of their bodies and territories according to their forms of land tenure, highlighting the symbolic, affective, and political dimensions of occupation. This has implications for rethinking land policies that recognize structural inequalities and women's knowledge.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ETNOGRAFÍA, ETHNOGRAPHY, TENENCIA DE LA TIERRA, LAND TENURE, MUJERES, WOMEN, VIOLENCIA CONTRA LAS MUJERES, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
