Comportamiento del fósforo y del nitrógeno en humedales artificiales de flujo vertical y horizontal, a escala de laboratorio
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Fecha
2008
Autores
Arias González, María Fernanda
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
En este estudio se evaluó el comportamiento del fósforo y del nitrógeno, en sus
diferentes formas químicas, en humedales de flujo vertical y horizontal, a escala de
laboratorio. El sistema evaluado está compuesto por tres humedales horizontales, en
dos de los cuales se sembró la macrófita acuática Cyperus involucratus utilizando
como sustrato piedra cuarta, mientras que el tercero se usó como control; los
humedales operaron en flujo continuo durante doce horas al día y con un tiempo de
retención hidráulica de cuatro días. Complementan el sistema tres humedales
verticales con sustrato de piedra cuarta y dos capas de arena de diferente
granulometría; dichos humedales operaron en flujo intermitente durante doce horas
diarias y con un tiempo de retención de un día. Luego de un período de
estabilización que favoreció la formación de la biopelícula y el crecimiento del
sistema radical, se iniciaron los análisis de influentes (agua de río enriquecida con
nutrientes) y efluentes.
Se realizaron doce muestreos en el periodo comprendido entre enero y febrero del
2008. Se evaluaron los siguientes parámetros: fósforo soluble, fósforo total, amonio,
nitrito, nitrato, nitrógeno Kjeldahl y pH. También se realizaron mediciones de las
plantas en diferentes etapas del periodo experimental para determinar el efecto de la
remoción de nutrientes en su crecimiento.
In this study, the behavior of phosphorus and nitrogen, in their different chemical forms, in vertical and horizontal flow wetlands, at laboratory scale, was evaluated. The evaluated system is made up of three horizontal wetlands, in two of which the aquatic macrophyte Cyperus involucratus was planted using fourth stone as a substrate, while the third was used as a control; the wetlands operated in continuous flow for twelve hours a day and with a hydraulic retention time of four days. The system is complemented by three vertical wetlands with a fourth stone substrate and two layers of sand of different granulometry; These wetlands operated in intermittent flow for twelve hours a day and with a retention time of one day. After a stabilization period that favored the formation of the biofilm and the growth of the root system, the analysis of influents (river water enriched with nutrients) and effluents began. Twelve samplings were carried out in the period between January and February 2008. The following parameters were evaluated: soluble phosphorus, total phosphorus, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, Kjeldahl nitrogen and pH. Plant measurements were also made at different stages of the experimental period to determine the effect of nutrient removal on their growth.
In this study, the behavior of phosphorus and nitrogen, in their different chemical forms, in vertical and horizontal flow wetlands, at laboratory scale, was evaluated. The evaluated system is made up of three horizontal wetlands, in two of which the aquatic macrophyte Cyperus involucratus was planted using fourth stone as a substrate, while the third was used as a control; the wetlands operated in continuous flow for twelve hours a day and with a hydraulic retention time of four days. The system is complemented by three vertical wetlands with a fourth stone substrate and two layers of sand of different granulometry; These wetlands operated in intermittent flow for twelve hours a day and with a retention time of one day. After a stabilization period that favored the formation of the biofilm and the growth of the root system, the analysis of influents (river water enriched with nutrients) and effluents began. Twelve samplings were carried out in the period between January and February 2008. The following parameters were evaluated: soluble phosphorus, total phosphorus, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, Kjeldahl nitrogen and pH. Plant measurements were also made at different stages of the experimental period to determine the effect of nutrient removal on their growth.
Descripción
Arias González, M. F. (2008). Comportamiento del fósforo y del nitrógeno en humedales artificiales de flujo vertical y horizontal, a escala de laboratorio. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
HUMEDALES, CONTAMINANTES, FÓSFORO, NITROGENO, LABORATORIOS, WETLANDS, POLLUTANTS