Evaluación diagnóstica de Matemáticas para cuarto año en una institución educativa privada costarricense en el marco de una reforma curricular
Fecha
2023-01-01
Autores
Poveda Vásquez, Ricardo
Zumbado-Castro, Marianela
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Resumen[Objetivo] El objetivo de la prueba diagnóstica fue conocer el nivel de avance de la reforma curricular institucional en el escenario de pandemia y postpandemia para tomar decisiones de forma inmediata para el curso lectivo 2022. [Metodología] El tipo de investigación es inferencial-exploratoria, de enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron 51 estudiantes de cuarto año. La prueba escrita individual constituida por 19 ítems, se aplicó de forma simultánea en noviembre del 2021 durante 60 minutos. Su confección se basó en la opinión docente y los planeamientos. A los resultados se les aplicó la teoría clásica de los test (TCT) y se empleó SPSS 28.0.1.0; lenguaje de programación y el entorno R.[Resultados] La prueba registró un 0.79 en el alfa de Cronbach, con tres ítems muy difíciles y uno muy fácil. Las notas que se ubicaron en el primer cuartil requieren de un análisis personalizado. Las áreas matemáticas con mayor dominio son medidas y estadística y probabilidad. Geometría es el área con menor dominio. En el segundo problema de desarrollo casi 14 % logró obtener el puntaje total y 40% no obtuvo puntuación. [Conclusiones] En Números se establece que la multiplicación abreviada se debe fortalecer. Se determinó: en geometría se requiere superar la memorización; en relaciones y álgebra es necesario variar el tipo de sucesiones utilizadas; en estadística y probabilidad se evidenció que el estudiantado logra leer información de una gráfica. Respecto, a la resolución de problemas se debe usar más en el aula para garantizar mejores resultados en los ítems de desarrollo
Abstract[Objective] The objective of the diagnostic test was to determine the level of progress of an institutional curricular reform during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods to make immediate decisions for the 2022 school year. [Methodology] The type of research is inferential-exploratory, with a quantitative approach. Fifty-one (51) fourth grade students participated. The individual written test consisting of 19 items, was applied simultaneously in November 2021 for 60 minutes. Its preparation was based on teachers’ opinions and propositions. The Classical Test Theory (CTT) was used to interpret the results and SPSS 28.0.1.0 and its programming language, as well as the R environment were used. [Results] Analysis of the test results produced a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.79, with three very difficult items and one very easy item. The grades that were located in the first quartile were subjected to a personalized analysis. The mathematical areas in which the test takers displayed the greatest mastery were Measurement, and Statistics and Probability, while they showed the least mastery of Geometry. For the second problem involving the development of a solution, almost 14% of the students obtained a perfect score and 40% did not obtain any points. [Conclusions] In the area of Numbers it was clear that the presentation of abbreviated multiplication should be strengthened. In the case of Geometry, it was determined that students were too dependent on memorization, while in the area of Relations and Algebra, results showed that it was necessary to vary the type of sequences used. In Statistics and Probability, it was observed that students can read information from a graph. Finally, it was determined that Problem Solving should be emphasized more in the classroom to guarantee better results in the development of solutions
Abstract[Objective] The objective of the diagnostic test was to determine the level of progress of an institutional curricular reform during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods to make immediate decisions for the 2022 school year. [Methodology] The type of research is inferential-exploratory, with a quantitative approach. Fifty-one (51) fourth grade students participated. The individual written test consisting of 19 items, was applied simultaneously in November 2021 for 60 minutes. Its preparation was based on teachers’ opinions and propositions. The Classical Test Theory (CTT) was used to interpret the results and SPSS 28.0.1.0 and its programming language, as well as the R environment were used. [Results] Analysis of the test results produced a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.79, with three very difficult items and one very easy item. The grades that were located in the first quartile were subjected to a personalized analysis. The mathematical areas in which the test takers displayed the greatest mastery were Measurement, and Statistics and Probability, while they showed the least mastery of Geometry. For the second problem involving the development of a solution, almost 14% of the students obtained a perfect score and 40% did not obtain any points. [Conclusions] In the area of Numbers it was clear that the presentation of abbreviated multiplication should be strengthened. In the case of Geometry, it was determined that students were too dependent on memorization, while in the area of Relations and Algebra, results showed that it was necessary to vary the type of sequences used. In Statistics and Probability, it was observed that students can read information from a graph. Finally, it was determined that Problem Solving should be emphasized more in the classroom to guarantee better results in the development of solutions
Descripción
Palabras clave
DOCENTES DE PRIMARIA, ENSEÑANZA DE LAS MATEMÁTICAS, ENSEÑANZA PRIMARIA, PLAN DE ESTUDIO, EVALUACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA, DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION, PRIMARY EDUCATION