Pautas para la conservación y el uso de las comunidades de esponjas en los parches arrecifales del Caribe Sur de Costa Rica
Fecha
2017-10
Autores
Araya Vargas, Alexánder José
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Los estudios sobre ecología y manejo de esponjas marinas han sido muy escasos en Costa Rica y el resto del Caribe. Por tanto, esta investigación pretendió evaluar las comunidades de esponjas arrecifales con el fin de proponer pautas para su conservación y uso en el Caribe Sur del país. Se determinaron sus abundancias, coberturas relativas y diversidad mediante cuadrantes de 1 m2 en cuatro sitios. Se identificaron sus depredadores, epibiontes y competidores potenciales. Se caracterizó el sustrato disponible y las tasas de sedimentación para cada sitio. Además, se aplicaron encuestas a los actores de interés para conocer su percepción sobre los poríferos. Se obtuvieron 15 nuevos reportes para el país y las especies con mayores abundancias y coberturas fueron Niphates erecta, Ircinia felix, lotrochota birotulata y Scopalina ruetzleri. Los depredadores, principalmente pomacántidos, y los epibiontes fueron escasos en todos los periodos y sitios muestreados. Los competidores potenciales fueron principalmente macroalgas de los géneros Dictyota, Amphiroa y tapetes algales. Otros factores, como el movimiento del agua y la cantidad de materia orgánica en suspensión, podrían ser más influyentes en la estructura comunitaria de las esponjas que la sedimentación y la disponibilidad de sustrato. Se evidenció un gran desconocimiento sobre la temática, independientemente del lugar de residencia o del nivel educativo de los encuestados, pero hubo interés por conocer más sobre la temática. Las pautas recomendadas fueron orientadas a su monitoreo, la divulgación de información y la disminución de las presiones sobre los ecosistemas donde habitan.
Studies on ecology and management of marine sponges have been very scarce in Costa Rica and the rest of the Caribbean. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the communities of reef sponges to propose guidelines for their conservation and use in the South Caribbean of the country. Their abundances, relative coverage and diversity were determined using 1 m2 quadrants at four sites. Their potential predators, epibionts and competitors were identified. The available substrate and sedimentation rates for each site were characterized. In addition, surveys were applied to the stakeholders of interest to know their perception on poriferous. Fifteen new reports were obtained for the country and the species with greater abundances and coverages were Niphates erecta, Ircinia felix, lotrochota birotulata and Scopalina ruetzleri. Predators, mainly pomacantids, and epibionts were scarce at all periods and sites sampled. Potential competitors were mainly macroalgae of the genus Dictyota, Amphiroa and algal turfs. Other factors, such as water movement and the amount of suspended organic matter, may be more influential in the sponge community structure than sedimentation and substrate availability. There was a great lack of knowledge about the subject, regardless of residence or educational level of the respondents, but there was interest in learning more about the subject. The recommended guidelines were oriented to their monitoring, the dissemination of information and the decrease of the pressures on the ecosystems where they inhabit.
Studies on ecology and management of marine sponges have been very scarce in Costa Rica and the rest of the Caribbean. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the communities of reef sponges to propose guidelines for their conservation and use in the South Caribbean of the country. Their abundances, relative coverage and diversity were determined using 1 m2 quadrants at four sites. Their potential predators, epibionts and competitors were identified. The available substrate and sedimentation rates for each site were characterized. In addition, surveys were applied to the stakeholders of interest to know their perception on poriferous. Fifteen new reports were obtained for the country and the species with greater abundances and coverages were Niphates erecta, Ircinia felix, lotrochota birotulata and Scopalina ruetzleri. Predators, mainly pomacantids, and epibionts were scarce at all periods and sites sampled. Potential competitors were mainly macroalgae of the genus Dictyota, Amphiroa and algal turfs. Other factors, such as water movement and the amount of suspended organic matter, may be more influential in the sponge community structure than sedimentation and substrate availability. There was a great lack of knowledge about the subject, regardless of residence or educational level of the respondents, but there was interest in learning more about the subject. The recommended guidelines were oriented to their monitoring, the dissemination of information and the decrease of the pressures on the ecosystems where they inhabit.
Descripción
Araya Vargas, A. J. (2017). Pautas para la conservación y el uso de las comunidades de esponjas en los parches arrecifales del Caribe Sur de Costa Rica. [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
ESPONJAS, ARRECIFES, REEFS, BIOLOGIA MARINA, MARINE BIOLOGY, MAR CARIBE, CONSERVACION, CORALES, COSTA RICA