Crecimiento y aporte financiero del cedro (Cedrela odorata L.) en sistemas agroforestales con café en Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica
Fecha
2017
Autores
González Rojas, Mariela
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica). Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales
Resumen
El estudio se realizó en fincas cafetaleras de Pérez Zeledón, en la provincia de San José, Costa Rica,
donde se han establecido árboles de cedro (Cedrela odorata L.) en combinación con el cultivo y forman
parte del Programa de Pago por Servicios Ambientales (PPSA) tramitado por la Cooperativa CoopeAgri
R.L. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar cuáles son las características biofísicas y/o de manejo del
sistema agroforestal (SAF) que ejercen mayor influencia sobre el crecimiento del cedro y el aporte
financiero del cedro al SAF. Los datos se obtuvieron en parcelas temporales de muestreo de 1000 m2
,
con árboles entre dos y 17 años de edad (no se encontraron árboles con edad entre 13 y 15 años). Se
midió la altura total (HT), altura comercial (HC) y diámetro (DAP) de los árboles de cedro y se recolectó
información biofísica y socioeconómica en los SAF evaluados. El crecimiento de la especie varió en un
rango de 2 a 3 cm año-1
en DAP y 1,6 a 2,2 m año-1
en altura total. Las variables biofísicas que influyeron
negativamente en el crecimiento del cedro fueron el aumento de la altitud sobre el nivel del mar (msnm),
una mayor abundancia de árboles por hectárea, el aumento del contenido de cobre en el suelo y una
mayor frecuencia de limpiezas químicas anuales. Se obtuvieron modelos de regresión múltiple que
explican el crecimiento de la especie (VT árb
-1 e IMA VT árb
-1
) a partir de variables biofísicas. La abundancia
óptima de árboles de cedro por hectárea correspondió a un rango entre 72 a 96 árboles por hectárea
(árb ha-1
) desde el establecimiento hasta el ciclo final. La especie se desarrolló mejor a una altitud entre
608 y 707 msnm, en pendientes inferiores a 21 % y suelos con contenidos menores a 3,6 mg L-1 de Cu y
165 mg L-1
de Fe, pH mayor de 4,9 y una relación Ca Mg-1 mayor a 4,1. Por otro lado, los modelos de
predicción del volumen comercial (m3
árb-1
) determinados para la zona de estudio, predijeron más del 90
% de la variabilidad en función del DAP y la HC y en un 79 % de la variabilidad utilizando la edad. La
producción de café promedio de los sitios muestreados fue de 26 fanegas (fan) ha-1 año-1
. El modelo de
predicción del volumen comercial estimado para la zona en función del DAP promedio a los 17 años de
edad (43,3 cm) determinó una producción de 1,047 m3 árb-1
(92,134 m3 ha-1
) de madera en pie, lo cual
representó un aporte financiero de 81 % de los ingresos netos en el período de análisis. El SAF cafécedro generó un VAN de ₡ 8 198 601,50 ha-1
, una TIR de 16 % y una relación B/C de 1,34.
The study was carried out on coffee farms in Pérez Zeledón where cedar trees (Cedrela odorata L.) have been established in combination with the crop and are part of the Program for Payment for Environmental Services processed by Cooperative CoopeAgri R.L. The objective of the study was to determine the biophysical and/or management characteristics of the agroforestry (AF) system that influence the growth of cedar; and the financial contribution of the cedar to the system. The data were obtained in sampling plots of 1000 m2 , with trees between two and 17 years of age (no trees between 13 and 15 years old were found). The total height, commercial height and diameter (Dbh) of the cedar trees were measured and biophysical and socioeconomic information was obtained in the evaluated farms. The growth of the species varied in a range of 2 to 3 cm year-1 in Dbh and 1.6 to 2.2 m year-1 in total height. The biophysical variables that negatively influenced cedar growth were increased altitude above sea level, increased tree abundance per hectare, increased copper content in the soil, and increased frequency of annual chemical cleanings. Multiple regression models explaining species growth (total volume per tree and average annual increase per tree) were obtained from biophysical variables. The abundance of cedar trees per optimum hectare corresponded to a range between 72 to 96 tree ha-1 from the establishment to the final cycle. The species was best developed at an altitude between 608 and 707 meters above sea level, on slopes less than 21% and soils with contents lower than 3.6 mg L-1 Cu, 165 mg L-1 Fe, pH higher than 4.9 and a Ca Mg-1 ratio greater than 4.1. On the other hand, commercial volume prediction models (m3 tree-1 ) determined for the study area, predicted more than 90% of variability as a function of Dbh and commercial height, and 79% using age. The average coffee production of the sampled sites was 26 fanegas ha-1 year-1 . The prediction model of the commercial volume estimated for the area as a function of the average Dbh at 17 years of age (43.3 cm) determined a production of 1,047 m3 tree-1 (92,134 m3 ha-1 ) of standing timber, which represented a financial contribution of 81% of the net income in the analysis period. The coffee-cedar SAF generated a NAV of ₡ 8 198 601.5 a 16 % IRR and a B/C ratio of 1.34.
The study was carried out on coffee farms in Pérez Zeledón where cedar trees (Cedrela odorata L.) have been established in combination with the crop and are part of the Program for Payment for Environmental Services processed by Cooperative CoopeAgri R.L. The objective of the study was to determine the biophysical and/or management characteristics of the agroforestry (AF) system that influence the growth of cedar; and the financial contribution of the cedar to the system. The data were obtained in sampling plots of 1000 m2 , with trees between two and 17 years of age (no trees between 13 and 15 years old were found). The total height, commercial height and diameter (Dbh) of the cedar trees were measured and biophysical and socioeconomic information was obtained in the evaluated farms. The growth of the species varied in a range of 2 to 3 cm year-1 in Dbh and 1.6 to 2.2 m year-1 in total height. The biophysical variables that negatively influenced cedar growth were increased altitude above sea level, increased tree abundance per hectare, increased copper content in the soil, and increased frequency of annual chemical cleanings. Multiple regression models explaining species growth (total volume per tree and average annual increase per tree) were obtained from biophysical variables. The abundance of cedar trees per optimum hectare corresponded to a range between 72 to 96 tree ha-1 from the establishment to the final cycle. The species was best developed at an altitude between 608 and 707 meters above sea level, on slopes less than 21% and soils with contents lower than 3.6 mg L-1 Cu, 165 mg L-1 Fe, pH higher than 4.9 and a Ca Mg-1 ratio greater than 4.1. On the other hand, commercial volume prediction models (m3 tree-1 ) determined for the study area, predicted more than 90% of variability as a function of Dbh and commercial height, and 79% using age. The average coffee production of the sampled sites was 26 fanegas ha-1 year-1 . The prediction model of the commercial volume estimated for the area as a function of the average Dbh at 17 years of age (43.3 cm) determined a production of 1,047 m3 tree-1 (92,134 m3 ha-1 ) of standing timber, which represented a financial contribution of 81% of the net income in the analysis period. The coffee-cedar SAF generated a NAV of ₡ 8 198 601.5 a 16 % IRR and a B/C ratio of 1.34.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AGROFORESTERÍA, FINCAS, BIOFÍSICA, CAFÉ
Citación
González-Rojas, M. (2017). Crecimiento y aporte financiero del cedro (Cedrela odorata L.) en sistemas agroforestales con café en Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica. (Tesis de licenciatura en Ingeniería en Ciencias Forestales) Universidad Nacional