Comunidad, familia y otros brazos femeninos: el cuidado durante la reproducción de la vida entre las mujeres indígenas ngäbe desde una perspectiva socio-histórica
Fecha
2026
Autores
Solano Acuña, Ana Sofía
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El cuidado durante el embarazo, el parto y el post parto en las sociedades indígenas guarda relación con la cosmovisión, la organización social y las condiciones para el acceso a servicios estatales de atención de la salud. Estas tres etapas de la vida de las mujeres y los niños no son momentos que se experimentan de forma individual, por el contrario, convocan a la familia, a la comunidad y en última instancia al Estado. Desde este enfoque resulta fundamental situar histórica y culturalmente estas prácticas y creencias alrededor de los cuidados, al amparo de la búsqueda del reconocimiento y visibilización de la labor de las mujeres tanto en el pasado como en el presente. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir las prácticas, creencias y cambios culturales alrededor de los momentos del embarazo, parto y postparto en la cultura indígena ngäbe del sur de Costa Rica y norte de Panamá. Metodológicamente la reflexión se construyó con base en la localización de fuentes históricas y antropológicas publicadas, y se trianguló con entrevistas semiestructuradas a mujeres indígenas. Este proceso de investigación permitió concluir que tanto el embarazo, el parto y el postparto han pasado procesos de resignificación, donde algunas prácticas culturales sobreviven con mucha dificultad, pero con una importancia simbólica y social aún muy relevante. Finalmente, es posible señalar que las discusiones sobre los cuidados y la generación de política pública en Costa Rica alrededor de este tema no han dimensionado el contexto cultural ni la situación particular de las mujeres en entornos diversos, lo cual se ha traducido en discursos retóricos y repetitivos que extrapolan datos agregados a la realidad de todas las mujeres en cada rincón del país.
The care during pregnancy, birth and post-partum in the indigenous societies has to do with the world view, social organization and the conditions to access to state services of health attention. These three stages in the life of women and children are not moments that they experience individual way, but it calls the family, the community and ultimately to the state. From this point of view, it is fundamental to place historically and culturally these practices and beliefs around care, under the protection of the search of recognition and visibility of the work of women both in the past and in the present. This article aims to describe the practices, beliefs and cultural changes surrounding the moments of pregnancy, birth and postpartum in the ngäbe indigenous culture of the south of Costa Rica and the north of Panama. Methodologically the reflection was constructed based on the location of historical and anthropological published sources and was triangulated with semi structured interviews with indigenous women. This investigation process allows us to conclude that pregnancy, birth and postpartum have undergone redefinitions, where some cultural practices survive with great difficulty, but with a still very relevant symbolic and social importance. Finally, it is possible to point at the discussions about care and the public politic generation in Costa Rica surrounding this topic have not measure the cultural context nor the particular situation of women in diverse surroundings, what has been translated in rhetorical and repetitive speeches that take out of context data added to the reality of all women in every corner of the country.
The care during pregnancy, birth and post-partum in the indigenous societies has to do with the world view, social organization and the conditions to access to state services of health attention. These three stages in the life of women and children are not moments that they experience individual way, but it calls the family, the community and ultimately to the state. From this point of view, it is fundamental to place historically and culturally these practices and beliefs around care, under the protection of the search of recognition and visibility of the work of women both in the past and in the present. This article aims to describe the practices, beliefs and cultural changes surrounding the moments of pregnancy, birth and postpartum in the ngäbe indigenous culture of the south of Costa Rica and the north of Panama. Methodologically the reflection was constructed based on the location of historical and anthropological published sources and was triangulated with semi structured interviews with indigenous women. This investigation process allows us to conclude that pregnancy, birth and postpartum have undergone redefinitions, where some cultural practices survive with great difficulty, but with a still very relevant symbolic and social importance. Finally, it is possible to point at the discussions about care and the public politic generation in Costa Rica surrounding this topic have not measure the cultural context nor the particular situation of women in diverse surroundings, what has been translated in rhetorical and repetitive speeches that take out of context data added to the reality of all women in every corner of the country.
Descripción
Palabras clave
DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL TIEMPO, TIME ALLOCATION, INDÍGENAS, INDIGENOUS, PARTO, DELIVERY, EMBARAZO, PREGNANCY
