Costa Rica : política exterior y crisis centroamericana
Fecha
1990
Autores
Rojas-Aravena, Francisco
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Costa Rica ha jugado tradicionalmente un rol central en los asuntos centroamericanos. La importancia y la calidad del rol desempeñado en la última década, sin embargo, no tiene parangón en la historia del país. La política exterior costarricense ha influido de manera importante sobre los principales actores de la crisis centroamericana. Costa Rica, por primera vez, para alcanzar sus objetivos en Centroamérica ha debido hacer política, simultáneamente, en Washington y en las principales capitales de occidente. Al igual que en otras épocas históricas, sus líderes se han debatido entre el camino de la neutralidad y la intervención como medio para alcanzar sus objetivos nacionales.
La política exterior ha sido una de las principales prioridades en la agenda de las autoridades de gobierno y de los lideres políticos y sociales, a lo largo de los años
ochenta. Definir los cursos de acción y políticas en relación con Centroamérica, en general, y frente a Nicaragua, en particular, ha significado definirlos en relación al conjunto de los actores do occidente; pero, y más importante aún, ha significado definirlos frente a Washington.
La toma de posición sobre los asuntos ístmicos fue adquiriendo una dimensión crucial para el sistema político nacional durante las administraciones de Rodrigo Carazo Odio, de Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez y de Oscar Arias Sánchez. La "cuestión externa se transformó en uno de los problemas domésticos prioritarios. La forma y las políticas para enfrentar los retos provenientes del contexto internacional, en especial desde el ámbito geográfico inmediato, afectarían las bases mismas del pacto democrático nacional, su economía e incluso su cultura. Durante la década de los años ochenta, como nunca antes, fue crucial definir los intereses nacionales en función de la percepción de los propios intereses, en un contexto externo-inmediato y mediato-totalmente distinto, amenazador y en constante cambio.
Costa Rica has traditionally played a central role in Central American affairs. The importance and quality of the role played in the last decade, however, is unparalleled in the country's history. Costa Rican foreign policy has had an important influence on the main actors in the Central American crisis. For the first time, Costa Rica, in order to achieve its objectives in Central America, has had to make policy simultaneously in Washington and in the main capitals of the West. As in other historical periods, its leaders have debated between the path of neutrality and intervention as a means to achieve their national objectives. Foreign policy has been high on the agenda of government authorities and political and social leaders throughout the 1980s. eighties. Defining courses of action and policies in relation to Central America, in general, and Nicaragua, in particular, has meant defining them in relation to all Western actors; but, more importantly, it has meant defining them in relation to Washington. Taking a position on isthmian affairs acquired a crucial dimension for the national political system during the administrations of Rodrigo Carazo Odio, Luis Alberto Monge Alvarez and Oscar Arias Sanchez. The "foreign issue became one of the priority domestic problems. The way and the policies to face the challenges coming from the international context, especially from the immediate geographical area, would affect the very foundations of the national democratic pact, its economy and even its culture. During the 1980s, as never before, it was crucial to define national interests according to the perception of one's own interests, in a totally different, threatening and constantly changing external context, both immediate and immediate-medium.
Costa Rica has traditionally played a central role in Central American affairs. The importance and quality of the role played in the last decade, however, is unparalleled in the country's history. Costa Rican foreign policy has had an important influence on the main actors in the Central American crisis. For the first time, Costa Rica, in order to achieve its objectives in Central America, has had to make policy simultaneously in Washington and in the main capitals of the West. As in other historical periods, its leaders have debated between the path of neutrality and intervention as a means to achieve their national objectives. Foreign policy has been high on the agenda of government authorities and political and social leaders throughout the 1980s. eighties. Defining courses of action and policies in relation to Central America, in general, and Nicaragua, in particular, has meant defining them in relation to all Western actors; but, more importantly, it has meant defining them in relation to Washington. Taking a position on isthmian affairs acquired a crucial dimension for the national political system during the administrations of Rodrigo Carazo Odio, Luis Alberto Monge Alvarez and Oscar Arias Sanchez. The "foreign issue became one of the priority domestic problems. The way and the policies to face the challenges coming from the international context, especially from the immediate geographical area, would affect the very foundations of the national democratic pact, its economy and even its culture. During the 1980s, as never before, it was crucial to define national interests according to the perception of one's own interests, in a totally different, threatening and constantly changing external context, both immediate and immediate-medium.
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Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, POLÍTICA EXTERIOR, RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, COSTA RICA, FOREIGN POLICY, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS