Aislamiento, identificación y determinación de bacterias procedentes de alimentos para consumo humano asociadas con resistencia antibiótica mediante el uso de marcadores moleculares
Fecha
2023
Autores
Lobo Fernández, Esleyder
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La resistencia a antibióticos es un problema cada día más común, no solo en hospitales, sino incluso en los alimentos para consumo humano. En este trabajo los objetivos fueron: (1) Aislar bacterias patógenas en diferentes tipos de alimentos para consumo humano mediante procedimientos convencionales de laboratorio, (2) Identificar las bacterias patógenas obtenidas, mediante métodos complementarios de análisis morfológico típico y una prueba bioquímica automatizada y (3) Detectar marcadores moleculares de resistencia a los antibióticos Tetraciclina y Ampicilina en las bacterias patógenas mediante el uso de la técnica de PCR tiempo final. Para ello, se aislaron 40 bacterias de matrices de alimentos y de distintos
sitios de procedencia. Se identificaron a través del Vitek II System: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus cecorum y Listeria welshimeri. Una vez aisladas, se realizó, en primera instancia, la prueba PCR con cebador universal 16S en muestras y control, donde una vez amplificado, se realizó la PCR con los marcadores moleculares de resistencia a los antibióticos Ampicilina y Tetraciclina, siendo los cebadores TEM, TetA, TetB y TetC en donde hubo amplificación conforme del control y de algunas muestras, mientras que, no se obtuvieron resultados conformes en OXA, SHV y TetD. Esta amplificación del gen de resistencia en muestras de alimentos confirma que en estas matricesse pueden aislar bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos, lo cual forma parte de una problemática a nivel mundial, debido a la gran diversidad de mecanismos que utilizan para generar la resistencia y el daño que causan en la salud humana, principalmente. Mayores estudios pueden contribuir a detectar resistencia a otros antibióticos y a establecer mayores controles por parte de las industrias, agricultores, supermercados, mataderos, entre otros.
Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly common problem, not only in hospitals, but even in food for human consumption. In this work the objectives were: (1) Isolate pathogenic bacteria in different types of food for human consumption through conventional laboratory procedures, (2) Identify the pathogenic bacteria obtained, through complementary methods of typical morphological analysis and an automated biochemical test and ( 3) Detect molecular markers of resistance to Tetracycline and Ampicillin antibiotics in pathogenic bacteria by using the end-time PCR technique. For this, 40 bacteria were isolated from food matrices and from different places of origin. The following were identified through the Vitek II System: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus cecorum and Listeria welshimeri. Once isolated, the PCR test with universal 16S primer was carried out in the first instance in samples and control, where once amplified, the PCR was carried out with the molecular markers of resistance to antibiotics Ampicillin and Tetracycline, being the primers TEM, TetA, TetB and TetC where there was compliant amplification of the control and of some samples, while no compliant results were obtained in OXA, SHV and TetD. This amplification of the resistance gene in food samples confirms that antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be isolated in these matrices, which is part of a problem worldwide, due to the great diversity of mechanisms used to generate resistance and damage. that cause in human health, mainly. Further studies can help detect resistance to other antibiotics and establish greater controls by industries, farmers, supermarkets, slaughterhouses, among others.
Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly common problem, not only in hospitals, but even in food for human consumption. In this work the objectives were: (1) Isolate pathogenic bacteria in different types of food for human consumption through conventional laboratory procedures, (2) Identify the pathogenic bacteria obtained, through complementary methods of typical morphological analysis and an automated biochemical test and ( 3) Detect molecular markers of resistance to Tetracycline and Ampicillin antibiotics in pathogenic bacteria by using the end-time PCR technique. For this, 40 bacteria were isolated from food matrices and from different places of origin. The following were identified through the Vitek II System: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus cecorum and Listeria welshimeri. Once isolated, the PCR test with universal 16S primer was carried out in the first instance in samples and control, where once amplified, the PCR was carried out with the molecular markers of resistance to antibiotics Ampicillin and Tetracycline, being the primers TEM, TetA, TetB and TetC where there was compliant amplification of the control and of some samples, while no compliant results were obtained in OXA, SHV and TetD. This amplification of the resistance gene in food samples confirms that antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be isolated in these matrices, which is part of a problem worldwide, due to the great diversity of mechanisms used to generate resistance and damage. that cause in human health, mainly. Further studies can help detect resistance to other antibiotics and establish greater controls by industries, farmers, supermarkets, slaughterhouses, among others.
Descripción
Lobo Fernández, E. (2023). Aislamiento, identificación y determinación de bacterias procedentes de alimentos para consumo humano asociadas con resistencia antibiótica mediante el uso de marcadores moleculares. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
ALIMENTOS, BACTERIAS, ANTIBIÓTICOS, MARCADORES, SALUD PÚBLICA, RESISTENCIA A MEDICAMENTOS, ANTIBIOTICS, MARKERS, PUBLIC HEALTH, FOOD