Efecto nematicida de extractos de Brugmansia suaveolens y Acnistus arborescens contra Radopholus similis en banano en Costa Rica
Fecha
2022
Autores
Villalta Madrigal, Daniela
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El cultivo del banano se considera de gran importancia a nivel mundial; no obstante, se ve afectado por diferentes plagas, entre ellas los nematodos, los cuales ocasionan pérdidas económicas. Evaluar extractos botánicos de plantas de Brugmansia suaveolens y Acnistus arborescens (Solanales: Solanaceae), para la determinación del efecto nematicida contra Radopholus similis, en plantaciones de banano (Musa sp.). El estudio se realizó en laboratorio de Nematología de la Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional (UNA), Costa Rica, en el 2021. Los extractos utilizados se obtuvieron de flores de reina de la noche (B. suaveolens) y hojas de güitite (A. arborescens). Se realizaron pruebas in vitro y se evaluó el efecto nematicida de los compuestos fitoquímicos (metabolitos) de cada planta a las 30 y 45 horas posteriores a la exposición del nematodo con el extracto. Se determinó que existen diferencias significativas para la interacción de los tiempos de lectura y los tratamientos (p<0.0004). En la primera lectura a las 30 h, los tratamientos con A. arborescens al 1,0 % (T1), (T2), 1.5 % (T2), (T3) y 2,0 % (T5), (T6), presentaron porcentajes de mortalidad del 23,0 - 26,0 - 28,0 - 31,0 - 32,0 y 32,0 % respectivamente. En la segunda lectura a las 45 h, hubo un aumento en el porcentaje de mortalidad de R. similis. El tratamiento T6 provocó la mayor mortalidad con un 54,0 %, seguido del T4, T2, T5 T3 y T1 con porcentajes del 48.5, 46,0 - 43,0 - 40,0 y 30,0 % respectivamente. El Testigo presentó porcentajes de mortalidad de 23,0 y 28,0 % a las 30 y 45 h. La combinación de ambos extractos no generó un efecto significativo respecto en el porcentaje de mortalidad. Tanto los extractos de B. suaveolens y A. arborescens poseen acción nematicida contra R. similis en diferentes concentraciones. Se determinó que el T6 a las 45 horas de su aplicación, presentó el mayor porcentaje de mortalidad de R. similis. Por su parte el T2, T4, T3 y T5 en la segunda lectura, mostraron un efecto nematicida similar. Al combinar los extractos (T7), no generó un efecto significativo respecto a la mortalidad del nematodo.
The banana crop is considered of great importance worldwide; however, it is affected by different pests, including nematodes, which cause economic losses. To evaluate botanical extracts from plants of Brugmansia suaveolens and Acnistus arborescens (Solanales: Solanaceae), to determine the nematicidal effect against Radopholus similis, in banana plantations (Musa sp.). The study was carried out in the Nematology laboratory of the School of Agricultural Sciences of the National University (UNA), Costa Rica, in 2021. The extracts used were obtained from flowers of queen of the night (B. suaveolens) and leaves of güitite (A. arborescens). In vitro tests were carried out and the nematicidal effect of the phytochemical compounds (metabolites) of each plant was evaluated at 30 and 45 hours after exposure of the nematode with the extract. Significant differences were found for the interaction of reading times and treatments (p<0.0004). In the first reading at 30 h, the treatments with A. arborescens at 1.0 % (T1), (T2), 1.5 % (T2), (T3) and 2.0 % (T5), (T6), presented mortality percentages of 23.0 - 26.0 - 28.0 - 31.0 - 32.0 and 32.0 % respectively. In the second reading at 45 h, there was an increase in the percentage of mortality of R. similis. Treatment T6 caused the highest mortality with 54.0 %, followed by T4, T2, T5 T3 and T1 with percentages of 48.5, 46.0 - 43.0 - 40.0 - 40.0 and 30.0 % respectively. The control showed mortality percentages of 23.0 and 28.0 % at 30 and 45 h. The combination of both extracts did not generate a significant effect on the percentage of mortality. Both B. suaveolens and A. arborescens extracts have nematicidal action against R. similis at different concentrations. It was determined that T6, 45 hours after application, presented the highest percentage of mortality of R. similis. T2, T4, T3 and T5 at the second reading showed a similar nematicidal effect. Combining the extracts (T7) did not generate a significant effect on nematode mortality.
The banana crop is considered of great importance worldwide; however, it is affected by different pests, including nematodes, which cause economic losses. To evaluate botanical extracts from plants of Brugmansia suaveolens and Acnistus arborescens (Solanales: Solanaceae), to determine the nematicidal effect against Radopholus similis, in banana plantations (Musa sp.). The study was carried out in the Nematology laboratory of the School of Agricultural Sciences of the National University (UNA), Costa Rica, in 2021. The extracts used were obtained from flowers of queen of the night (B. suaveolens) and leaves of güitite (A. arborescens). In vitro tests were carried out and the nematicidal effect of the phytochemical compounds (metabolites) of each plant was evaluated at 30 and 45 hours after exposure of the nematode with the extract. Significant differences were found for the interaction of reading times and treatments (p<0.0004). In the first reading at 30 h, the treatments with A. arborescens at 1.0 % (T1), (T2), 1.5 % (T2), (T3) and 2.0 % (T5), (T6), presented mortality percentages of 23.0 - 26.0 - 28.0 - 31.0 - 32.0 and 32.0 % respectively. In the second reading at 45 h, there was an increase in the percentage of mortality of R. similis. Treatment T6 caused the highest mortality with 54.0 %, followed by T4, T2, T5 T3 and T1 with percentages of 48.5, 46.0 - 43.0 - 40.0 - 40.0 and 30.0 % respectively. The control showed mortality percentages of 23.0 and 28.0 % at 30 and 45 h. The combination of both extracts did not generate a significant effect on the percentage of mortality. Both B. suaveolens and A. arborescens extracts have nematicidal action against R. similis at different concentrations. It was determined that T6, 45 hours after application, presented the highest percentage of mortality of R. similis. T2, T4, T3 and T5 at the second reading showed a similar nematicidal effect. Combining the extracts (T7) did not generate a significant effect on nematode mortality.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía con la modalidad de Artículo Científico
Palabras clave
NEMATICIDAS, NEMATICIDES, BRUGMANSIA SUAVEOLENS, BANANO, BANANA, MUSA PARADISIACA, RADOPHOLUS SIMILIS, NEMÁTODOS PARÁSITOS DE PLANTAS, PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES, SOLANALES, SOLANALS, PLANTACIONES, PLANTATIONS