Utiización del tiempo y el espacio: la etnografía como método de análisis
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Fecha
2001
Autores
Pernudi Chavarría, Vilma
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Estimológicamente el término etnografía significa la descripción (Grafe) del estilo de vida de un grupo de personas habituadas a vivir juntas (Ethnos). Por lo tanto, el “Etimos” que sería la unidad de análisis para el investigador, podría ser una nación, grupo lingüístico, región, comunidad, cualquier grupo humano que constituya una entidad, cuyas relaciones estén reguladas por la costumbre o por ciertos derechos y obligaciones recíprocas. En un sentido más amplio, también son objeto de estudio etnográfico aquellos grupos sociales que, aunque no estén asociados o integrados, comparten formas de vida y situación que los hacen semejantes, por ejemplo los adolescentes, las personas mayores y los adultos jóvenes. En enfoque etnográfico se apoya en la convicción de que las tradiciones, roles, valores y normas del ambiente en que se vive, se van internalizando poco a poco y generan regularidades que pueden explicar la conducta individual y grupal en forma adecuada. Esta etnografía tiene dos partes; trabajo de campo: que consiste en la recolección de la infonnación en decenios y una entrevista fococalizada sobre aspectos espaciales de la vida en sociedad y la descripción de los resultados. Una buena etnografía se basa en la habilidad del trabajador de campo para ver las cosas desde el punto de vista de otras personas. También está basada en la habilidad para ver patrones, relaciones y significados que pueden no ser entendidos conscientemente por una persona en esa cultura. Es importante destacar el hecho de que el etnólogo no debe ser en ningún momento etnocentrisla entendiéndose este término como la tendencia de ver al mundo a través de nuestros propios patrones culturales, de nuestra percepción, con disposiciones y actitudes personales, las posiciones teóricas >' la tradición aceptada, así como el deseo de limitar “convenientemente” ese factor interno para dejar “hablar más” y “revelarse más” la realidad de las cosas con sus características y componentes estructurales propios.
Etymologically, the term ethnography means the description (Graphe) of the lifestyle of a group of people accustomed to living together (Ethnos). Therefore, the “Ethymos,” which would be the unit of analysis for the researcher, could be a nation, linguistic group, region, community—any human group that constitutes an entity whose relationships are regulated by custom or by certain reciprocal rights and obligations. In a broader sense, ethnographic study also includes social groups that, although not associated or integrated, share ways of life and situations that make them similar, for example, adolescents, the elderly, and young adults. The ethnographic approach is based on the conviction that the traditions, roles, values, and norms of the environment in which one lives are gradually internalized and generate regularities that can adequately explain individual and group behavior. This ethnography has two parts; Fieldwork: This consists of the collection of information over decades and a focused interview on spatial aspects of life in society, followed by a description of the results. Good ethnography relies on the fieldworker's ability to see things from other people's perspectives. It also relies on the ability to see patterns, relationships, and meanings that may not be consciously understood by a person within that culture. It is important to emphasize that the ethnologist must never be ethnocentric. This term refers to the tendency to see the world through our own cultural patterns, our perceptions, personal dispositions and attitudes, theoretical positions, and accepted traditions, as well as the desire to "conveniently" limit this internal factor in order to allow the reality of things, with its own characteristics and structural components, to "speak more" and "reveal itself more fully."
Etymologically, the term ethnography means the description (Graphe) of the lifestyle of a group of people accustomed to living together (Ethnos). Therefore, the “Ethymos,” which would be the unit of analysis for the researcher, could be a nation, linguistic group, region, community—any human group that constitutes an entity whose relationships are regulated by custom or by certain reciprocal rights and obligations. In a broader sense, ethnographic study also includes social groups that, although not associated or integrated, share ways of life and situations that make them similar, for example, adolescents, the elderly, and young adults. The ethnographic approach is based on the conviction that the traditions, roles, values, and norms of the environment in which one lives are gradually internalized and generate regularities that can adequately explain individual and group behavior. This ethnography has two parts; Fieldwork: This consists of the collection of information over decades and a focused interview on spatial aspects of life in society, followed by a description of the results. Good ethnography relies on the fieldworker's ability to see things from other people's perspectives. It also relies on the ability to see patterns, relationships, and meanings that may not be consciously understood by a person within that culture. It is important to emphasize that the ethnologist must never be ethnocentric. This term refers to the tendency to see the world through our own cultural patterns, our perceptions, personal dispositions and attitudes, theoretical positions, and accepted traditions, as well as the desire to "conveniently" limit this internal factor in order to allow the reality of things, with its own characteristics and structural components, to "speak more" and "reveal itself more fully."
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ETNOGRAFÍA, ETHNOGRAPHY, METODOLOGIA, METHODOLOGY, ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA, SECONDARY EDUCATION
