Análisis prospectivo del Sistema Nacional de Salud y la Atención Primaria de Salud en Costa Rica al 2045
Fecha
2024
Autores
Cerdas Ellis, Geovanna
Arias Mora, Héctor
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Resumen
La investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar un proceso prospectivo para la definición de hipótesis evolutivas de futuro a través de la identificación de factores de cambio. Por lo que, este estudio se basó en las orientaciones metodológicas de la prospectiva estratégica de Michel Godet y Francisco Mojica, incluyó etapas del Modelo de mayor complejidad de la prospectiva estratégica de Godet y líneas metodológicas utilizadas para la construcción de Horizontes y el Árbol de Competencias de Marc Giget. El desarrollo del presente ejercicio prospectivo permitió evidenciar la existencia de elementos de ruptura en el Sector Salud que plantean la siguiente interrogante: ¿qué podría pasar con el Sistema Nacional de Salud y la Atención Primaria de Salud del futuro en Costa Rica al 2045? La respuesta a la pregunta anterior, hizo evidente la complejidad del Sistema Nacional de Salud y su ritmo de cambio. El país ha seguido una ruta que ha organizado la salud pública sobre la base de un marco de acción normativo y un modelo de gestión de la salud pública basado en la APS y ha concentrado sus esfuerzos en la atencion de eventos de riesgo para la salud de la población; esto ha llevado al sistema ha elaborar un modelo de salud pública reactivo, frente a los cambios del entorno, basado en un esquema de atención centrado en la curación.
The objective of the research was to carry out a prospective process to define future evolutionary hypotheses through the identification of change factors. Therefore, this study was based on the methodological guidelines of the strategic foresight of Michel Godet and Francisco Mojica, included stages of the most complex model of Godet's strategic foresight and methodological lines used for the construction of Horizons and Marc Giget's Tree of Competencies. The development of this prospective exercise allowed to demonstrate the existence of elements of rupture in the Health Sector that raise the following question: what could happen with the National Health System and Primary Health Care of the future in Costa Rica by 2045? The answer to the previous question made evident the complexity of the National Health System and its pace of change. The country has followed a path that has organized public health on the basis of a regulatory action framework and a public health management model based on PHC and has concentrated its efforts on the attention of risk events for the health of the population; This has led the system to develop a reactive public health model, in response to changes in the environment, based on a care scheme focused on healing.
The objective of the research was to carry out a prospective process to define future evolutionary hypotheses through the identification of change factors. Therefore, this study was based on the methodological guidelines of the strategic foresight of Michel Godet and Francisco Mojica, included stages of the most complex model of Godet's strategic foresight and methodological lines used for the construction of Horizons and Marc Giget's Tree of Competencies. The development of this prospective exercise allowed to demonstrate the existence of elements of rupture in the Health Sector that raise the following question: what could happen with the National Health System and Primary Health Care of the future in Costa Rica by 2045? The answer to the previous question made evident the complexity of the National Health System and its pace of change. The country has followed a path that has organized public health on the basis of a regulatory action framework and a public health management model based on PHC and has concentrated its efforts on the attention of risk events for the health of the population; This has led the system to develop a reactive public health model, in response to changes in the environment, based on a care scheme focused on healing.
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Palabras clave
SALUD PÚBLICA, PUBLIC HEALTH, SALUD MENTAL, MENTAL HEALTH, DERECHOS HUMANOS, HUMAN RIGHTS