Línea base situacional para el diseño de estrategias de desarrollo territorial en la Región Brunca, Costa Rica
Fecha
2020
Autores
Fonseca Hernández, Raúl Gerardo
Mora Vega, Roy
López, Ariana
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Las nuevas tendencias en los estudios del desarrollo económico centran la atención en el análisis de las estrategias que debería generar un territorio para mejorar las condiciones del desarrollo humano. Visiones anteriores privilegiaban el crecimiento económico con base en políticas macroeconómicas que los diversos sectores incentivaban a nivel general, sin que hubiera un enfoque en grupos de interés, ni en los territorios, pues se partía de la lógica de que las regiones de un país eran homogéneas y que las instituciones nacionales tienen la capacidad de brindar la misma cantidad y calidad de servicios en todas las localidades.
Sin embargo, la experiencia ha desmostrado lo contrario. Los territorios están lejos de ser homogéneos y las instituciones no son capaces de ofrecer respuestas puntuales a los problemas particulares de diversas localidades. Por tal motivo, el estudio del desarrollo económico local resulta fundamental en cuanto a implementar estrategias para mejorar las condiciones actuales del desarrollo humano en diferentes territorios.
El presente capítulo es producto del proyecto de investigación titulado Análisis de variables socioeconómicas que explican la competitividad territorial y el potencial exportador de las regiones periféricas en Costa Rica, presentado a la Escuela de Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Nacional y a cargo de la Escuela de Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Nacional, con participación de los autores del presente capítulo.
Este documento pretende generar una línea base situacional, que sirva como insumo para una segunda investigación donde se diseñen estrategias de desarrollo territorial aplicables a la geografía en análisis posteriores. En este marco, el capítulo identifica metodológicamente variables e indicadores que explican el desarrollo de un territorio; asimismo, comprueba la disponibilidad de datos y genera un análisis descriptivo básico de las relaciones y direccionalidades de la Región Brunca, ubicada en la zona sur de Costa Rica.
La investigación se divide en cinco apartados principales. El primero analiza teóricamente la inclusión de lo territorial en las principales estrategias de desarrollo económico desde la década de los ochenta, hasta las nuevas tendencias originadas en la primera y segunda década de los 2000. El segundo apartado identifica las variables —en este caso, denominados capitales— y los indicadores respectivos que mejorarán el desarrollo humano en los diversos territorios. El tercer apartado presenta el marco institucional y normativo. El cuarto valida la disponibilidad de datos asociados a las diferentes variables (capitales) e indicadores que afectan el desarrollo humano, como el capital económico, humano, institucional, social, de infraestructura, bioregional y cultural), y los analiza descriptivamente, de forma que constituye la línea base para el posterior diseño de las estrategias de desarrollo territorial (edt) que se desarrollarán en una investigación posterior. Finalmente, se ofrecen conclusiones y recomendaciones que contribuirán al desarrollo humano de la zona, así como a su competitividad territorial y el potencial exportador de los territorios.
The new trends in economic development studies focus on the analysis of the strategies that a territory should generate to improve human development conditions. Previous visions favored economic growth based on macroeconomic policies that the various sectors encouraged at a general level, without a focus on interest groups or territories, since it was assumed that the regions of a country were homogeneous and that national institutions have the capacity to provide the same quantity and quality of services in all localities. However, experience has shown the opposite to be true. Territories are far from homogeneous and institutions are not able to provide timely responses to the particular problems of different localities. For this reason, the study of local economic development is essential to implement strategies to improve the current conditions of human development in different territories. This chapter is a product of the research project entitled Analysis of socioeconomic variables that explain territorial competitiveness and the export potential of peripheral regions in Costa Rica, presented to the School of International Relations of the National University and in charge of the School of International Relations of the National University, with the participation of the authors of this chapter. This document aims to generate a situational baseline, which will serve as input for a second research project in which territorial development strategies applicable to geography will be designed in subsequent analyses. Within this framework, the chapter methodologically identifies variables and indicators that explain the development of a territory; it also verifies the availability of data and generates a basic descriptive analysis of the relationships and directionalities of the Brunca Region, located in the southern part of Costa Rica. The research is divided into five main sections. The first one analyzes theoretically the inclusion of the territorial aspect in the main economic development strategies since the 1980s, up to the new trends originated in the first and second decade of the 2000s. The second section identifies the variables -in this case, called capitals- and the respective indicators that will improve human development in the various territories. The third section presents the institutional and regulatory framework. The fourth validates the availability of data associated with the different variables (capitals) and indicators that affect human development, such as economic, human, institutional, social, infrastructure, bioregional and cultural capital), and analyzes them descriptively, in a way that constitutes the baseline for the subsequent design of territorial development strategies (edt) to be developed in subsequent research. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are offered that will contribute to the human development of the area, as well as to its territorial competitiveness and the export potential of the territories.
The new trends in economic development studies focus on the analysis of the strategies that a territory should generate to improve human development conditions. Previous visions favored economic growth based on macroeconomic policies that the various sectors encouraged at a general level, without a focus on interest groups or territories, since it was assumed that the regions of a country were homogeneous and that national institutions have the capacity to provide the same quantity and quality of services in all localities. However, experience has shown the opposite to be true. Territories are far from homogeneous and institutions are not able to provide timely responses to the particular problems of different localities. For this reason, the study of local economic development is essential to implement strategies to improve the current conditions of human development in different territories. This chapter is a product of the research project entitled Analysis of socioeconomic variables that explain territorial competitiveness and the export potential of peripheral regions in Costa Rica, presented to the School of International Relations of the National University and in charge of the School of International Relations of the National University, with the participation of the authors of this chapter. This document aims to generate a situational baseline, which will serve as input for a second research project in which territorial development strategies applicable to geography will be designed in subsequent analyses. Within this framework, the chapter methodologically identifies variables and indicators that explain the development of a territory; it also verifies the availability of data and generates a basic descriptive analysis of the relationships and directionalities of the Brunca Region, located in the southern part of Costa Rica. The research is divided into five main sections. The first one analyzes theoretically the inclusion of the territorial aspect in the main economic development strategies since the 1980s, up to the new trends originated in the first and second decade of the 2000s. The second section identifies the variables -in this case, called capitals- and the respective indicators that will improve human development in the various territories. The third section presents the institutional and regulatory framework. The fourth validates the availability of data associated with the different variables (capitals) and indicators that affect human development, such as economic, human, institutional, social, infrastructure, bioregional and cultural capital), and analyzes them descriptively, in a way that constitutes the baseline for the subsequent design of territorial development strategies (edt) to be developed in subsequent research. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are offered that will contribute to the human development of the area, as well as to its territorial competitiveness and the export potential of the territories.
Descripción
El recurso corresponde al capítulo 4 del libro Cruce de caminos. Lecturas disciplinarias del territorio.
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, DESARROLLO HUMANO, ESTRATEGIAS DE DESARROLLO, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT