Factores que restringen la exportación de miel de abeja Dominicana a la Unión Europea: Desafíos y oportunidades.
Fecha
2015
Autores
Yunes Cabrera, Melissa Lizbeth
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El problema que se abordó en esta investigación consiste en que la República
Dominicana no tiene el permiso necesario para poder introducir su miel en el mercado
de la Unión Europea. A raíz de esta situación, está comprobado que el país está
perdiendo una gran oportunidad que permite la diversificación de mercados de la miel
dominicana y el potencial de vender a un mejor precio en este nuevo destino.
En consecuencia, el propósito de esta investigación consistió en poder identificar las
posibles causas y factores que impiden la Exportación de miel de abejas de la República
Dominicana hacia los países de la Unión Europea. Así como también, los desafíos y
oportunidades que enfrentan los apicultores dominicanos para la comercialización de
esta en el mercado Europeo.
La metodología de investigación utilizada fue de naturaleza descriptiva y se empleó el
método deductivo. Se implementaron técnicas de investigación descriptivas y de campo.
Como resultado de la investigación, se determinó que la causa principal de este
problema de investigación es que los apicultores dominicanos no realizan análisis de
laboratorio de la miel a exportar, ni cuentan con un sistema de trazabilidad. Por lo que
las empresas dominicanas no aseguran el cumplimiento de la normativa Europea en
materia de residuos tóxicos, que deben certificarse mediante procedimientos de análisis
y trazabilidad de la miel.
En este sentido, se demostró que, la mayoría de empresas apícolas dominicanas, poseen
una sólida infraestructura física para el manejo de la miel. A pesar de ello, éstas
presentan importantes limitaciones que se deben mejorar para cumplir con las normas
establecidas para el acceso al mercado de los países de la Unión Europea.
En el mismo orden, El gobierno dominicano a través de las instituciones de fomento a la
producción y fortalecimiento de los productos agrícolas, debe implementar un plan
nacional de residuos de contaminantes para productos agrícolas. Así mismo, capacitar a
los apicultores en Buenas Prácticas de Manufacturas, así como en conceptos relativos a
Trazabilidad, Procedimientos Estandarizados de Saneamiento (POES) y Sistema de
Análisis de Peligros y Puntos Críticos de Control (HACCP).
Por otro lado, se comprobó que dentro de los productos dominicanos con una
oportunidad de diversificación de mercado y un gran potencial de exportación está la
miel de abejas natural, debido a la calidad que posee la miel dominicana en
comparación con países de similares producción y debido al precio competitivo que
están pagando los países de la Unión Europea para adquirir la misma.
The problem addressed in this investigation is related to the required permission needed by the Dominican to enter honey on the European Union market. Following this, there is evidence that the country is losing a great opportunity that allows market diversification of the Dominican honey and the potential to sell at a better price in this new destination. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to identify the possible causes and factors impeding the export of honey from the Dominican Republic to the countries of the European Union. So as the challenges and opportunities that the Dominican beekeeper has for the marketing of this product in the European market. Also it was shown that most Dominican beekeeping companies have a strong physical infrastructure for handling honey. However, they have important limitations that need improvement to meet the established standards for market access to the countries of the European Union. The research methodology used was descriptive and the deductive method was used. Were implemented descriptive techniques and field research. As a result of the investigation, it was determined that the main cause of this research problem is that Dominican beekeepers don't perform laboratory analysis of honey to export, or have a system of traceability. So Dominican companies don't ensure compliance with European legislation on toxic waste, to be certified by test procedures and traceability of honey. Also it was shown that most Dominican beekeeping companies have a strong physical infrastructure for handling honey. However, they have important limitations that need improvement to meet the established standards for market access to the countries of the European Union. In the same order, the Dominican government through institutions of production building and strengthening the production of agricultural products, should implement a national plan for residues of contaminants for agricultural products. Also, train beekeepers in Good Manufacturing Practices and the accounting for Traceability, Sanitation Standard Procedures (SOPs) and System Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP). Furthermore, it was found that in the Dominican products with an opportunity to diversify market and a strong export potential is honey of natural bees, due to the quality that has the Dominican honey compared to countries with similar production and due the competitive price to the countries of the European Union are paying to acquire it.
The problem addressed in this investigation is related to the required permission needed by the Dominican to enter honey on the European Union market. Following this, there is evidence that the country is losing a great opportunity that allows market diversification of the Dominican honey and the potential to sell at a better price in this new destination. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to identify the possible causes and factors impeding the export of honey from the Dominican Republic to the countries of the European Union. So as the challenges and opportunities that the Dominican beekeeper has for the marketing of this product in the European market. Also it was shown that most Dominican beekeeping companies have a strong physical infrastructure for handling honey. However, they have important limitations that need improvement to meet the established standards for market access to the countries of the European Union. The research methodology used was descriptive and the deductive method was used. Were implemented descriptive techniques and field research. As a result of the investigation, it was determined that the main cause of this research problem is that Dominican beekeepers don't perform laboratory analysis of honey to export, or have a system of traceability. So Dominican companies don't ensure compliance with European legislation on toxic waste, to be certified by test procedures and traceability of honey. Also it was shown that most Dominican beekeeping companies have a strong physical infrastructure for handling honey. However, they have important limitations that need improvement to meet the established standards for market access to the countries of the European Union. In the same order, the Dominican government through institutions of production building and strengthening the production of agricultural products, should implement a national plan for residues of contaminants for agricultural products. Also, train beekeepers in Good Manufacturing Practices and the accounting for Traceability, Sanitation Standard Procedures (SOPs) and System Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP). Furthermore, it was found that in the Dominican products with an opportunity to diversify market and a strong export potential is honey of natural bees, due to the quality that has the Dominican honey compared to countries with similar production and due the competitive price to the countries of the European Union are paying to acquire it.
Descripción
Palabras clave
APICULTURA, MIEL, REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA, EXPORTACIÓN, COMERCIO, BEEKEEPING, HONEY, EXPORT, TRADE