Caracterización del paisaje y vegetación en sitios de importancia para la conservación del pájaro campana (Procnias tricarunculatus) dentro del Corredor Biológico Amistosa, Costa Rica
Fecha
2025
Autores
Salas Murillo, Diego
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Resumen. El pájaro campana tricarunculado (Procnias tricarunculatus), especie vulnerable endémica de Centroamérica, realiza migraciones altitudinales durante su época reproductiva, por lo que depende de la conectividad ecológica y la disponibilidad de recursos clave como árboles de la familia Lauraceae. Esta pasantía se desarrolló en el Corredor Biológico Amistosa (CBA), Costa Rica, con el objetivo de caracterizar el paisaje y la vegetación en sitios de muestreo acústico y su relación con la presencia de la especie. Se evaluó la complejidad estructural del hábitat mediante fotografías digitales, calculando el Mean Information Gain (MIG) y la proporción de apertura del dosel (GAP). También se analizaron variables ambientales como cobertura de Lauraceae, velocidad del viento y huella humana. Con estos datos, se construyó un modelo de distribución potencial en MaxEnt, que alcanzó un valor AUC de 0.873, considerado como un rendimiento alto según la métrica (donde 1 indica predicción perfecta y 0.5 una aleatoria). Los resultados indican que la complejidad estructural del hábitat no influye significativamente en la distribución del pájaro campana, mientras que variables como Lauraceae, viento y huella humana son más determinantes. El modelo identificó zonas prioritarias para la especie, especialmente en áreas protegidas como el Parque Internacional La Amistad y el Parque Nacional Piedras Blancas, caracterizadas por alta cobertura forestal, menor intervención humana y presencia de recursos tróficos. Los índices de paisaje evidenciaron diferencias en fragmentación y conectividad a escala regional, aunque sin correlación directa con la presencia de la especie. Se concluye que su conservación requiere un enfoque multifactorial, enfocado en la protección de recursos específicos y la conectividad funcional del hábitat. Futuras investigaciones deben incluir datos sobre oferta alimenticia y variables microclimáticas que podrían influir en su distribución.
Abstract. The three-wattled bellbird (Procnias tricarunculatus), a vulnerable species endemic to Central America, migrates to higher altitudes during its breeding season, making it dependent on ecological connectivity and the availability of key resources such as trees of the Lauraceae family. This internship was carried out in the Amistosa Biological Corridor (CBA), Costa Rica, with the aim of characterising the landscape and vegetation at acoustic sampling sites and their relationship with the presence of the species. The structural complexity of the habitat was evaluated using digital photographs, calculating the Mean Information Gain (MIG) and the canopy opening proportion (GAP). Environmental variables such as Lauraceae cover, wind speed and human footprint were also analysed. With this data, a potential distribution model was constructed in MaxEnt, which achieved an AUC value of 0.873, considered a high performance according to the metric (where 1 indicates perfect prediction and 0.5 a random one). The results indicate that the structural complexity of the habitat does not significantly influence the distribution of the bellbird, while variables such as Lauraceae, wind and human footprint are more decisive. The model identified priority areas for the species, especially in protected areas such as La Amistad International Park and Piedras Blancas National Park, characterised by high forest cover, less human intervention and the presence of trophic resources. Landscape indices showed differences in fragmentation and connectivity at the regional scale, although without a direct correlation with the presence of the species. It is concluded that its conservation requires a multifactorial approach, focused on the protection of specific resources and the functional connectivity of the habitat. Future research should include data on food supply and microclimatic variables that could influence its distribution.
Abstract. The three-wattled bellbird (Procnias tricarunculatus), a vulnerable species endemic to Central America, migrates to higher altitudes during its breeding season, making it dependent on ecological connectivity and the availability of key resources such as trees of the Lauraceae family. This internship was carried out in the Amistosa Biological Corridor (CBA), Costa Rica, with the aim of characterising the landscape and vegetation at acoustic sampling sites and their relationship with the presence of the species. The structural complexity of the habitat was evaluated using digital photographs, calculating the Mean Information Gain (MIG) and the canopy opening proportion (GAP). Environmental variables such as Lauraceae cover, wind speed and human footprint were also analysed. With this data, a potential distribution model was constructed in MaxEnt, which achieved an AUC value of 0.873, considered a high performance according to the metric (where 1 indicates perfect prediction and 0.5 a random one). The results indicate that the structural complexity of the habitat does not significantly influence the distribution of the bellbird, while variables such as Lauraceae, wind and human footprint are more decisive. The model identified priority areas for the species, especially in protected areas such as La Amistad International Park and Piedras Blancas National Park, characterised by high forest cover, less human intervention and the presence of trophic resources. Landscape indices showed differences in fragmentation and connectivity at the regional scale, although without a direct correlation with the presence of the species. It is concluded that its conservation requires a multifactorial approach, focused on the protection of specific resources and the functional connectivity of the habitat. Future research should include data on food supply and microclimatic variables that could influence its distribution.
Descripción
Salas Murillo, D. (2025). Caracterización del paisaje y vegetación en sitios de importancia para la conservación del pájaro campana (Procnias tricarunculatus) dentro del Corredor Biológico Amistosa, Costa Rica. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
ESPECIES EN PELIGRO DE EXTINCIÓN, AVES, CONTROL AMBIENTAL, AREAS DE PROTECCIÓN, CORREDOR BIOLÓGICO, CONSERVACIÓN DE LA VIDA SILVESTRE, PROTECTED AREAS, BIRDS, COSTA RICA