Biotecnologías aplicadas a la reproducción de ovinos en la República del Uruguay
Fecha
2012-01-25
Autores
Rojas Solano, Natalia
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo, describe diversas técnicas de biotecnología aplicadas a la
reproducción ovina en diferentes regiones de la República Oriental del Uruguay durante el
periodo de entrenamiento ejecutado por la estudiante Srta. Natalia Rojas Solano del 15 de
marzo del 2011 al 15 de junio del 2011. La pasantía, gestionada por medio del Programa de
Investigación en Andrología Animal Aplicada de la Escuela de Medicina VeterinariaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de Costa Rica (UNA), fue realizada bajo la tutela de los
profesores del Departamento de Salud en Sistemas Pecuarios, Área de Teriogenología y
Producción Ovina de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad de la República
del Uruguay (UdelaR).
La pasante logró participar de manera activa y adquirir experiencia teórico-práctica
en distintas técnicas de biotecnología, tales como colecta, evaluación, procesamiento y
conservación de semen (53 machos), inseminación artificial (630 cervicales, 104
intrauterinas), súper ovulación y sincronización de celo (676 hembras), transferencia de
embriones (548 embriones), diagnóstico e interpretación de hallazgos al examen ecográfico
del aparato reproductor (638 trans rectales y 776 trans abdominales), entre otros. Dichas
actividades permitieron a la candidata obtener experiencia en el manejo de equipo
especializado utilizado en el diagnóstico y aplicación de dichas técnicas, tales como la
ecografía trans abdominal y rectal en tiempo real, así como laparoscopía. Asimismo, las
técnicas empleadas permitieron conocer el uso y administración correcta de protocolos
hormonales utilizados para súper ovular y sincronizar el celo en ovinos. Entre los productos utilizados para este fin se encuentran los análogos sintéticos de progesterona y PGF2α,
además de FSH combinado con eCG o GnRH para la súper ovulación.
Durante la pasantía, se trabajó con 5100 animales tanto hembras como machos de las
razas Corriedale, Merino Australiano, Merino Dohne, Poll Dorset, Finnish Landrace, Texel,
Dorper, Hampshire y cruzas, utilizados en prácticas y experimentos a campo, lo cual
permitió además conocer varios sistemas de producción y explotación ovina.
Con el fin de estudiar a profundidad varios de estos procedimientos, se describe a
continuación la metodología y aplicación de técnicas como la evaluación reproductiva de
machos y hembras, conservación de semen, súper ovulación, colecta, transferencia y
preservación de embriones. Se espera que el presente trabajo contribuya con información
para la utilización futura de dichas técnicas en Costa Rica, favoreciendo el incremento
productivo en esta actividad pecuaria.
This report describes various biotechnology techniques applied to ovine reproduction in different regions of the República Oriental del Uruguay during the internship accomplished by the student Natalia Rojas Solano from March 15, 2011 to June 15, 2011. The training was coordinated by the Research Program in Applied Animal Andrology from the section of Andrology at the Veterinary Medicine School-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Costa Rica (UNA), and was conducted under guidance of docents from the Department of Herd Health Management, sections of Theriogenology and Ovine Production from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the Universidad de la República del Uruguay (UdelaR). The intern was able to actively participate and get theoretical and practical experience in different techniques of sheep reproductive biotechnologies such as sampling, evaluation, processing and preservation of semen (53 rams), artificial insemination (630 cervical, 104 intrauterine), super ovulation, estrus synchronization (676 ewes), embryo transfer (548 embryos), assessment, diagnosis and interpretation of ultrasound findings from the reproductive tract examination (638 trans rectal and 776 trans abdominal), among others. Further, these activities allowed the candidate to get skills in the diagnosis and management of specialized equipment used in the application of these techniques, such as trans abdominal and trans rectal real time ultrasound and laparoscope. Also, the practical work allowed the use and proper administration of different hormone protocols used in estrus synchronization and super ovulation in sheep. Some of the products used for this purpose were the synthetic analogues of progesterone and PGF2α besides FSH with eCG or FSH with GnRH for multiple ovulation. During the internship, 5100 animals (including females and males) from Corriedale, Merino Australiano, Merino Dohne, Poll Dorset, Finnish Landrace, Texel, Dorper, Hampshire and crossbreeds genotypes were used in various practices and field experiments. The training also allowed the candidate knowing several sheep production systems. In order to investigate in deep and emphasize the use of those biotechnology procedures, this report describes the methodological approach and application of techniques such as male and female reproductive evaluation, semen preservation, super ovulation, collection, transfer and preservation of embryos. It is expected to contribute with the use of these techniques in Costa Rica, thereby improving the reproductive and productive efficiency of this livestock activity.
This report describes various biotechnology techniques applied to ovine reproduction in different regions of the República Oriental del Uruguay during the internship accomplished by the student Natalia Rojas Solano from March 15, 2011 to June 15, 2011. The training was coordinated by the Research Program in Applied Animal Andrology from the section of Andrology at the Veterinary Medicine School-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Costa Rica (UNA), and was conducted under guidance of docents from the Department of Herd Health Management, sections of Theriogenology and Ovine Production from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the Universidad de la República del Uruguay (UdelaR). The intern was able to actively participate and get theoretical and practical experience in different techniques of sheep reproductive biotechnologies such as sampling, evaluation, processing and preservation of semen (53 rams), artificial insemination (630 cervical, 104 intrauterine), super ovulation, estrus synchronization (676 ewes), embryo transfer (548 embryos), assessment, diagnosis and interpretation of ultrasound findings from the reproductive tract examination (638 trans rectal and 776 trans abdominal), among others. Further, these activities allowed the candidate to get skills in the diagnosis and management of specialized equipment used in the application of these techniques, such as trans abdominal and trans rectal real time ultrasound and laparoscope. Also, the practical work allowed the use and proper administration of different hormone protocols used in estrus synchronization and super ovulation in sheep. Some of the products used for this purpose were the synthetic analogues of progesterone and PGF2α besides FSH with eCG or FSH with GnRH for multiple ovulation. During the internship, 5100 animals (including females and males) from Corriedale, Merino Australiano, Merino Dohne, Poll Dorset, Finnish Landrace, Texel, Dorper, Hampshire and crossbreeds genotypes were used in various practices and field experiments. The training also allowed the candidate knowing several sheep production systems. In order to investigate in deep and emphasize the use of those biotechnology procedures, this report describes the methodological approach and application of techniques such as male and female reproductive evaluation, semen preservation, super ovulation, collection, transfer and preservation of embryos. It is expected to contribute with the use of these techniques in Costa Rica, thereby improving the reproductive and productive efficiency of this livestock activity.
Descripción
Modalidad: Pasantía
Palabras clave
OVINOS, BIOTECNOLOGÍA, REPRODUCCIÓN ANIMAL