Caracterización y clasificación de hatos lecheros en Costa Rica mediante análisis multivariado
Archivos
Fecha
2013-10
Autores
Solís Guzmán, Oscar
Sáenz Segura, Fernando
León Hidalgo, Héctor
Vargas Leitón, Bernardo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Costa Rica
Resumen
Caracterización y clasificación de hatos lecheros en
Costa Rica mediante análisis multivariado. Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar y clasificar un
conjunto de hatos afiliados a la Cooperativa de Productores
de Leche Dos Pinos R.L de Costa Rica. La información analizada se obtuvo del último censo realizado por la cooperativa
en el año 2007. Se complementó con registros comerciales
computarizados de la misma empresa y sistemas de información geográfica con datos climáticos y tipos de suelo. La
clasificación de los hatos se realizó mediante dos técnicas
de análisis multivariado: el Análisis de Factores (AF) y el
Análisis de Conglomerados (AC). Las dieciocho variables
observadas comprendieron principalmente aspectos físicos
y climáticos de la finca, variables de manejo, nivel de uso
de insumos y de producción. El AF identificó tres factores
principales: el nivel de intensificación, el piso altitudinal, y
la orientación productiva que retienen un 42,6%, 24,2% y
13,3% de la varianza observada. Con base en estos tres factores el AC identificó cinco tipologías principales de hatos:
lechería especializada intensiva de altura (n=374), lechería
especializada semi-intensiva de altura (n=274), lechería
especializada intensiva de bajura (n=167), lechería especializada extensiva de bajura (n=189) y lechería doble propósito
extensiva de bajura (n=82).
Characterization and classification of dairy herds using multivariate analysis in Costa Rica. This study was carried out to characterize and classify a group of herds (n=1086) associated to the main Dairy Cooperative in Costa Rica. The information analyzed in this study was obtained initially from the last census conducted by the cooperative during year 2007. This information was complemented with computerized records of the same cooperative and geographical information systems with climatic and soil types data. Farm classification was performed by combining two different multivariate techniques: Factor Analysis (FA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Analysis was performed on 18 variables, mainly related to physical and climatic aspects, herd management, input level and production level. FA identified three significant principal factors: intensification level, altitude (masl), and productive orientation accounting for 42,6%, 24,2% and 13,2% of total variance. On the basis of these three factors, CA identified five main herd typologies: Intensive specialized dairy herds in the highlands (n=374), Semi-intensive specialized dairy herds in the highlands (n=274), Intensive specialized dairy herds in the Lowlands (n=167), Extensive specialized dairy farms in the Lowlands (n=189) and Extensive Dual-Purpose herds in the Lowlands (n=82).
Characterization and classification of dairy herds using multivariate analysis in Costa Rica. This study was carried out to characterize and classify a group of herds (n=1086) associated to the main Dairy Cooperative in Costa Rica. The information analyzed in this study was obtained initially from the last census conducted by the cooperative during year 2007. This information was complemented with computerized records of the same cooperative and geographical information systems with climatic and soil types data. Farm classification was performed by combining two different multivariate techniques: Factor Analysis (FA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Analysis was performed on 18 variables, mainly related to physical and climatic aspects, herd management, input level and production level. FA identified three significant principal factors: intensification level, altitude (masl), and productive orientation accounting for 42,6%, 24,2% and 13,2% of total variance. On the basis of these three factors, CA identified five main herd typologies: Intensive specialized dairy herds in the highlands (n=374), Semi-intensive specialized dairy herds in the highlands (n=274), Intensive specialized dairy herds in the Lowlands (n=167), Extensive specialized dairy farms in the Lowlands (n=189) and Extensive Dual-Purpose herds in the Lowlands (n=82).
Descripción
Palabras clave
GANADO DE LECHE, COSTA RICA, COOPERATIVA DE PRODUCTORES DE LECHE DOS PINOS R.L. (COSTA RICA), PRODUCCIÓN LECHERA, MILK PRODUCTION, DAIRY CATTLE