Uso de residuos orgánicos como sustituto parcial de alimentos balanceados sobre la producción y composición de leche bovina en la Finca Experimental Santa Lucía
Fecha
2023-01
Autores
Cisneros Chaves, John
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Con el propósito de evaluar el uso de residuos orgánicos (RO) procesados mediante una compostera automatizada, como sustituto parcial de los alimentos balanceados (AB) utilizados en la Finca Experimental Santa Lucía sobre la producción y composición de la leche en ganado Jersey, además de analizar el efecto en los costos de producción por cada dieta. Se utilizaron 9 vacas multíparas a las cuales se les asignó un cuadrado latino 3x3 replicado en dos cuadrados, evaluando tres tratamientos experimentales T0 (100% AB), T15 (85% AB + 15%RO) y T30 (70% AB + 30% RO). Para equilibrar las dietas isoenergetica e isoproteícamente se utilizó melaza y urea a diferentes raciones en los tres tratamientos. Además de los mencionado anteriormente la dieta incluyó en todos los tratamientos 10 kg King Grass/día, agua y pastoreo a base de Estrella Africana (Cynodon nlemfluensis) a libre consumo. Los residuos orgánicos presentaron contenidos nutricionales con valores de de PC (9.31%), MS (83,46%), FND (47.17%), FAD (28.45%), EE (14.24%), Lignina (3.93%) CE, (6.57%), EM (2.85 Mcal/kg) y ENL (1.81 Mcal/kg). La composición bromatológica de la leche no presentó diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, mientras que la producción de leche presentó diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos con inclusión de RO. Además, tomando en cuenta el costo de suplementación por kg de leche se nota una disminución económica a favor del T15; por lo cual, esta alternativa ofrece una viabilidad tanto económica como productiva, en la cual se puede dar un uso eficiente a estos materiales produciendo un alimento de calidad a un menor costo.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of organic residues (OR) processed through an automated composter, as a partial substitute for the balanced feed (AB) used at the Santa Lucía Experimental Farm on the production and composition of milk in Jersey cattle, in addition to analyzing the effect on production costs for each diet. Nine multiparous cows were assigned a 3x3 Latin square replicated in two squares, evaluating three experimental treatments T0 (100% AB), T15 (85% AB + 15% RO) and T30 (70% AB + 30% RO). To balance the diets isoenergetically and isoprotetically, molasses and urea were used at different rations in the three treatments. In addition to the above mentioned, the diet included in all treatments 10 kg King Grass/day, water and grazing based on African Star (Cynodon nlemfluensis) for free consumption. The organic residues presented nutritional contents with values of CP (9.31%), DM (83.46%), NDF (47.17%), FAD (28.45%), EE (14.24%), Lignin (3.93%), EC (6.57%), ME (2.85 Mcal/kg) and ENL (1.81 Mcal/kg). The bromatological composition of the milk did not show significant differences between treatments, while milk production showed significant differences between treatments with the inclusion of RO. In addition, taking into account the cost of supplementation per kg of milk, there was an economic decrease in favor of T15; therefore, this alternative offers both economic and productive viability, in which an efficient use can be made of these materials, producing a quality feed at a lower cost.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of organic residues (OR) processed through an automated composter, as a partial substitute for the balanced feed (AB) used at the Santa Lucía Experimental Farm on the production and composition of milk in Jersey cattle, in addition to analyzing the effect on production costs for each diet. Nine multiparous cows were assigned a 3x3 Latin square replicated in two squares, evaluating three experimental treatments T0 (100% AB), T15 (85% AB + 15% RO) and T30 (70% AB + 30% RO). To balance the diets isoenergetically and isoprotetically, molasses and urea were used at different rations in the three treatments. In addition to the above mentioned, the diet included in all treatments 10 kg King Grass/day, water and grazing based on African Star (Cynodon nlemfluensis) for free consumption. The organic residues presented nutritional contents with values of CP (9.31%), DM (83.46%), NDF (47.17%), FAD (28.45%), EE (14.24%), Lignin (3.93%), EC (6.57%), ME (2.85 Mcal/kg) and ENL (1.81 Mcal/kg). The bromatological composition of the milk did not show significant differences between treatments, while milk production showed significant differences between treatments with the inclusion of RO. In addition, taking into account the cost of supplementation per kg of milk, there was an economic decrease in favor of T15; therefore, this alternative offers both economic and productive viability, in which an efficient use can be made of these materials, producing a quality feed at a lower cost.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía con énfasis en Agricultura Alternativa con modalidad: tesis
Palabras clave
GANADO DE LECHE, DAIRY CATTLE, ALIMENTOS, FOOD, ESTUDIO, STUDIO, COMPOST, COMPOSICIÓN DE LOS ALIMENTOS, FOOD COMPOSITION, ANÁLISIS DE ALIMENTOS, FOOD ANALYSIS, NUTRIENTES, NUTRIENTS