Análisis de estrategias de los tostadores de la Región Valle Occidental como actividad de diversificación de los productores de café
Fecha
2022-05-30
Autores
Rojas Altamirano, Kerly
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El tostado del café, como actividad económica, es un negocio de crecimiento constante en nuestro país, desde hace veinte años. En la región cafetalera valle Occidental, dicha actividad se vislumbra como una alternativa que genera valor y progreso a las localidades de: Atenas, Grecia, Naranjo, Sarchí, Palmares y San Ramón.
En esta región existen 19 empresas dedicadas a la actividad del tostado, sin embargo, en los últimos años le sector ha experimentado una serie de desafíos desde el punto de vista: de competencia comercial, expansión urbanística y rentabilidad (por la aparición de nuevas oportunidades de negocio), que crean cierta presión en la continuidad del café como actividad agrícola.
La presente investigación, busca confirmar si las estrategias comerciales utilizadas por los actores productivos relativos al tostado del café, constituyen una alternativa de diversificación para el sector, que permita su sostenibilidad. Este planteamiento se realiza por medio de la descripción de las estrategias, análisis de su aporte a los agentes productivos y el tipo de orientación hacia su mercado meta; que, a nivel colectivo, permiten la ratificar el tostado como alternativa de negocio.
El estudio se divide en cuatro capítulos, en el primero desarrollan los antecedentes, justificación del problema y los objetivos específicos. El segundo capítulo explica el marco conceptual y metodológico; en este se desarrollan los temas o pilares teóricos de: desarrollo productivo y competitividad en la cadena de valor agregado agroindustrial, mercados locales y cadenas cortas; estrategias empresariales, competencia y cadenas cortas, y finalmente, se incluye la teoría relacionada al análisis costo beneficio y su aplicación en la agroindustria, que permiten explicar la razón costo-beneficio como indicador para la incursión en nuevos proyectos o negocios como el tostado de café. Los instrumentos metodológicos usados para la recolección de información del estudio son el cuestionario de encuesta aplicado a las 19 empresas tostadoras de la región, y la entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a dos de las organizaciones, una microempresa y una cooperativa (bajo la metodología de estudio de casos).
En el tercer capítulo se describen y analizan los resultados obtenidos de la información que se recolectó, luego de la aplicación de los instrumentos antes descritos; iniciando con la descripción de estrategias comerciales presentes en las empresas, su aporte económico al tostado del café y el tipo de orientación según mercado final.
Finalmente, en el cuarto capítulo se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones de la investigación; estas últimas, a modo de sugerencias para mejorar el desarrollo del sector privado y colectivo de la región.
Coffee roasting, as an economic activity, has been a business of constant growth in our country for the latest twenty years. In the western valley coffee region, this activity has been considered as an alternative that generates value and progress for the towns of: Atenas, Grecia, Naranjo, Sarchí, Palmares and San Ramón. In this region, there are 19 companies dedicated to the coffee roasting activity, however, in recent years the sector has experienced several challenges from: commercial competition, urban expansion and profitability (due to the appearance of new opportunities for business), which create some pressure on the continuity of coffee as an agricultural activity. The present investigation, seeks to confirm if the commercial strategies used by the productive actors related to coffee roasting, constitute an alternative for diversification in the sector, which allows its sustainability. This approach is carried out through the description of the strategies, analysis of their contribution to the productive agents, and the orientation towards their target market; that, at a collective level, allow ratifying roasting as a business alternative. The study is divided into four chapters, in the first one develops the background, problem justification and the specific objectives. The second chapter explains the conceptual and methodological framework; In this, theoretical pillars of: productive development and competitiveness in the agro-industrial value added chain, local markets and short chains; business strategies, competition and short chains are explained; and finally, the cost-benefit analysis theory and its application into agribusiness is included, which allow explaining the cost-benefit ratio as an indicator for starting new projects or businesses such as coffee roasting. The methodological instruments used to collect information for the study are: the survey questionnaire applied to the 19 roasting companies in the region, and the semi-structured interview, applied to a pair of organizations, a microenterprise and a cooperative (into a case-of-study methodology). The third chapter describes and analyzes the results obtained from collected information, after the application of the instruments described above; starting with the description of commercial strategies found in these companies, their economic contribution to coffee roasting, and the orientation according to the final market. Finally, in the fourth chapter, the conclusions and recommendations of the research are presented, the latter as suggestions to improve the private and collective development of the region.
Coffee roasting, as an economic activity, has been a business of constant growth in our country for the latest twenty years. In the western valley coffee region, this activity has been considered as an alternative that generates value and progress for the towns of: Atenas, Grecia, Naranjo, Sarchí, Palmares and San Ramón. In this region, there are 19 companies dedicated to the coffee roasting activity, however, in recent years the sector has experienced several challenges from: commercial competition, urban expansion and profitability (due to the appearance of new opportunities for business), which create some pressure on the continuity of coffee as an agricultural activity. The present investigation, seeks to confirm if the commercial strategies used by the productive actors related to coffee roasting, constitute an alternative for diversification in the sector, which allows its sustainability. This approach is carried out through the description of the strategies, analysis of their contribution to the productive agents, and the orientation towards their target market; that, at a collective level, allow ratifying roasting as a business alternative. The study is divided into four chapters, in the first one develops the background, problem justification and the specific objectives. The second chapter explains the conceptual and methodological framework; In this, theoretical pillars of: productive development and competitiveness in the agro-industrial value added chain, local markets and short chains; business strategies, competition and short chains are explained; and finally, the cost-benefit analysis theory and its application into agribusiness is included, which allow explaining the cost-benefit ratio as an indicator for starting new projects or businesses such as coffee roasting. The methodological instruments used to collect information for the study are: the survey questionnaire applied to the 19 roasting companies in the region, and the semi-structured interview, applied to a pair of organizations, a microenterprise and a cooperative (into a case-of-study methodology). The third chapter describes and analyzes the results obtained from collected information, after the application of the instruments described above; starting with the description of commercial strategies found in these companies, their economic contribution to coffee roasting, and the orientation according to the final market. Finally, in the fourth chapter, the conclusions and recommendations of the research are presented, the latter as suggestions to improve the private and collective development of the region.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COMERCIO, COMPETITIVIDAD, TRADE, COMPETITIVENESS, ANÁLISIS COSTO BENEFICIO, COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS, AGROINDUSTRIA, AGROINDUSTRY, CAFÉ, COFFEE